Table 2.
Relative odds for systolic blood pressure <140mm Hg by baseline characteristics and results of tests for the consistency of effects across subgroups and an interaction between subgroups and the three intervention groups
| Baseline characteristic | Odds ratio for SBP control | 95% CI | Consistency between subgroups, P value | Subgroup by intervention group interaction, P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 1.21 | [1.06, 1.40] | 0.006 | 0.20 |
| Male (ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 0.81 | [0.64, 1.04] | ||
| High school or GED | 0.92 | [0.76, 1.12] | 0.13 | 0.95 |
| Post high school | 0.82 | [0.69, 0.98] | ||
| College graduate (ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| African-American | 0.66 | [0.48, 0.90] | ||
| Hispanic | 0.95 | [0.62, 1.46] | 0.01 | 0.49 |
| Other/multiple | 0.81 | [0.60, 1.10] | ||
| Non-Hispanic white (ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Alcohol use | ||||
| None | 1.00 | [0.69, 1.45] | 0.71 | 0.40 |
| 1–7/week | 1.08 | [0.73, 1.59] | ||
| >7/week (ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 0.89 | [0.71, 1.12] | 0.23 | 0.44 |
| Past | 1.01 | [0.80, 1.27] | ||
| Current (ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Insulin user | ||||
| No | 0.87 | [0.75, 1.01] | 0.06 | 0.14 |
| Yes (ref) | 1.00 | |||
| History of CVD | ||||
| No | 1.05 | [0.89, 1.23] | 0.56 | 0.07a |
| Yes (ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Antihypertensive medication classes | ||||
| 0 | 1.53 | [1.22, 1.92] | <0.001 | 0.27 |
| 1 | 1.41 | [1.20, 1.67] | ||
| ≥2 (ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Age, years | ||||
| Ten years older | 0.77 | [0.69, 0.86] | <0.001 | 0.30 |
| BMI | ||||
| 5kg/m2 greater | 1.00 | [0.93, 1.08] | 0.91 | 0.047b |
| Systolic blood pressure | ||||
| 130–139mm Hg | 1.99 | [1.66, 2.39] | <0.001 | 0.58 |
| 140–149mm Hg | 1.28 | [1.06, 1.55] | ||
| 150–159mm Hg (ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Diabetes duration | ||||
| 5 years longer | 0.91 | [0.87, 0.95] | <0.001 | 0.10 |
| HbA1c, % | ||||
| One unit higher | 0.96 | [0.89, 1.04] | 0.28 | 0.93 |
Abbreviation: GED, Completion of the General Educational Development test.
Baseline systolic blood pressure and number of medication classes are included as covariates.
aAmong CBP participants there was slightly worse control among those without a history of CVD: OR = 0.85 [95% CI: 0.71, 1.02]; Among ILI and DSE participants there was slightly better control among those without a history of CVD: OR = 1.36 [0.86, 2.17] and OR = 1.31 [0.82, 2.10], respectively.
bCompared to participants with BMI > 40kg/m2, the odds of blood pressure control among CBP participants was 1.13 [0.84, 1.52] among those with BMI 25–29kg/m2 and 1.01 [0.77, 1.32] among those with BMI 30–39kg/m2. Compared to participants with BMI 25–29kg/m2, the odds of blood pressure control among DSE participants were 0.98 [0.54, 1.78] for BMI 30–29kg/m2 and 1.30 [0.62, 2.72] for BMI ≥ 40kg/m2. Among ILI participants, these were 1.64 [0.99, 2.72] for BMI 30–39kg/m2 and 1.69 [0.88, 3.27] for BMI ≥ 40kg/m2.