Table 1.
Contents1) of saponins in raw and processed vietnamese ginseng
| Peak No.2) | Saponin | Raw (0 h) | Steaming time |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 h | 4 h | 6 h | 8 h | 10 h | 12 h | 14 h | 16 h | 18 h | 20 h | |||
| 1 | Unknown 13) | 5.0 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.6 |
| 2 | Unknown 23) | 8.9 | 6.9 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.7 |
| 3 | M-R1 | 40.4 | 39.0 | 36.5 | 36.2 | 36.2 | 35.0 | 35.0 | 34.1 | 34.6 | 33.6 | 33.2 |
| 4 | G-Re + G-Rg14) | 42.3 | 34.8 | 21.0 | 14.3 | 11.8 | 2.0 | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D |
| 5 | M-R2 | 53.5 | 52.5 | 51.5 | 51.1 | 49.0 | 49.7 | 49.1 | 45.5 | 46.6 | 48.6 | 45.2 |
| 6 | V-R11 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 3.9 |
| 7 | P-RT4 | 5.2 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 8.9 |
| 8 | V-R1 + V-R25) | 29.7 | 28.3 | 27.6 | 26.8 | 24.6 | 23.8 | 23.0 | 20.8 | 20.9 | 21.9 | 20.4 |
| 9 | Unknown 33) | 10.8 | 9.6 | 7.4 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 1.4 | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D |
| 10 | Unknown 43) | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.8 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 3.9 | 3.7 | 3.6 |
| 11 | G-Rb1 | 19.9 | 18.1 | 14.3 | 12.6 | 10.9 | 5.0 | 2.6 | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D |
| 12 | 20(S) G-Rh1 | 5.1 | 7.0 | 11.0 | 12.8 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 14.8 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 11.3 |
| 13 | Unknown 53) | 11.2 | 9.4 | 7.2 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 1.8 | 1.1 | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D |
| 14 | 20(R) G-Rh1 | N.D6) | 2.5 | 5.4 | 7.5 | 8.1 | 9.8 | 10.5 | 10.1 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 9.4 |
| 15 | G-Rb2 | 9.3 | 7.9 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D |
| 16 | G-Rd | 8.2 | 7.1 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 3.5 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.1 |
| 17 | G-Rk3 | N.D | 0.7 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.4 |
| 18 | G-Rh4 | N.D | 1.1 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 5.1 | 7.2 | 8.1 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 8.4 | 8.0 |
| 19 | 20(S) G-Rg3 | N.D | 1.1 | 3.6 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 10.4 | 12.7 | 12.8 | 13.2 | 14.2 | 13.9 |
| 20 | 20(R) G-Rg3 | N.D | 0.6 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.9 | 9.5 | 10.1 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 10.9 |
| 21 | G-Rk1 | N.D | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.0 |
| 22 | G-Rg5 | N.D | 0.5 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.8 |
| PPD(1)7) | 37.3 | 33.0 | 26.7 | 24.5 | 21.7 | 10.5 | 7.1 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.1 | |
| PPT (1)8) | 42.3 | 34.8 | 21.0 | 14.3 | 11.8 | 2.0 | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D | N.D | |
| PPD(2)9) | N.D | 2.6 | 8.7 | 13.2 | 15.0 | 26.7 | 32.6 | 33.7 | 34.6 | 36.9 | 36.6 | |
| PPT(2)10) | 5.1 | 11.3 | 22.2 | 28.4 | 29.8 | 36.7 | 39.0 | 37.0 | 37.8 | 38.0 | 34.1 | |
| OCT11) | 132.8 | 128.4 | 124.6 | 123.9 | 119.0 | 119.8 | 118.1 | 111.7 | 113.4 | 116.7 | 111.6 | |
| Sum | 256.8 | 243.5 | 229.0 | 225.1 | 215.0 | 205.7 | 203.8 | 190.3 | 194.3 | 200.0 | 190.3 | |
OCT, ocotillol; PPD, protopanaxadiol; PPT, protopanaxatriol; VG, Vietnamese ginseng; ELSD, Evaporative Light Scattering Detector
1)
Result are expressed as mg/(g dried VG).
2)
Peak No. in Fig. 3.
3)
Concentrations of unknown 1–2 and 3–5 were calculated by comparing ELSD responses to standard N-R1 and G-Rb1, respectively.
4)
Calculated as G-Rg1.
5)
Calculated as V-R2
6)
N.D. not detected
7)
Polar PPD-type ginsenosides: G-Rb1, G-Rb2, and G-Rd
8)
Polar PPT-type ginsenosides: G-Re and G-Rg1.
9)
Less polar PPD-type ginsenosides: 20(S) G-Rg3, 20(R) G-Rg3, G-Rk1, and G-Rg5
10)
Less polar PPT-type ginsenosides: 20(S) G-Rh1, 20(R) G-Rh1, G-Rk3, and G-Rh4.
11)
Ocotillol saponins: M-R1, M-R2, V-R1, and V-R2.