Table 3.
Expression of cell-surface adhesion molecules by brain endothelial cells
| Molecules | Other names | Supporting literature | Expressed by the hCMVECs |
|---|---|---|---|
| CD102 | ICAM2 | Flow-cytometry analysis using hCMEC/D3 cells [34] | Yes |
| CD105 | Endoglin | Flow cytometry using BMVEC [35] | Yes |
| CD106 | VCAM1 | RT-PCR using BMVEC [35] | Yes; highly inducible |
| CD138 | Syndecan 1 | Rat brain and rat brain-derived endothelial cells [36] | Yes |
| CD141 | Thrombomodulin | IHC using human brain tissue (not expressed) [37] | Yes |
| Regional distribution in human brain [38] | |||
| CD144 | VE-cadherin | ICC using hCMEC/D3) [34], ICC using THBMEC [39] | Yes |
| IHC using human brain tissue [40] | |||
| CD146 | MCAM; S-endo-1; MUC-18 | Flow cytometry using BMVEC [35] | Yes |
| CD147 | BSG | Yes | |
| CD150 | SLAMF1 | No | |
| CD304 | Neuropilin-1 | Functional assay using hCMEC/D3, and IHC-rat brain [41] | Yes |
| CD31 | PECAM1 | Flow cytometry using hCMEC/D3 [34] | Yes |
| Flow cytometry and RT-PCR using BMVEC [35] | |||
| Flow cytometry and ICC using HBMEC [42] | |||
| CD321 | JAM1 | ICC using hCMEC/D3[34], ICC using THBMEC [39] | Yes |
| IHC on human brain microvessels [40] | |||
| CD325 | Neural cadherin (NCAD) | Yes | |
| CD34 | HPCA-1 | Flow cytometry using BMVEC [35] | Yes |
| CD44 | H-CAM, Pgp-1 | Flow cytometry using hCMEC/D3 [34] | Yes |
| CD49d | Alpha 4 integrin | THBMEC [39] | Yes |
| CD50 | ICAM3 | Expressed by leukocytes but not detected on endothelial cells in human brain by IHC [43] | Yes; low |
| CD54 | ICAM1 | Flow cytometry using hCMEC/D3 [34] | Yes; highly inducible |
| CD62E | E-selectin | ELISA detection using HCEC [44] | Yes; highly inducible |
| CD62L | L-selectin | Not expressed | No |
| CD62P | P-selectin | IHC using human brain [45]; | Yes; very low |
| IHC using human infarcted brain [46] |
hCMEC/D3 are immortalised human brain endothelial cell lines from adult females with epilepsy (not commercially available). BMVEC are human brain endothelial cells from foetal brain tissue. THBMEC are immortalised adult transfected human brain microvascular endothelial cells. HCEC are primary adult human cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells. HBMVE are primary human brain microvascular endothelia. HBMEC are human brain-derived microvascular endothelial cell (primary cells)
The better known generic names for each adhesion molecule are detailed alongside the literature demonstrating expression or function of the given adhesion molecule in endothelial cells or in brain tissue. The final column summarises whether the adhesion molecule was expressed by the hCMVECs used in this study
ICC immunocytochemistry, IHC immunohistochemistry