Table 1.
Brain regions showing significant differences in seed-based functional connectivity between participants who received methylphenidate (MPH) and those who did not (no-MPH); two-sample t test, at voxel p<0.001 uncorrected and cluster-level p<0.05, FWE corrected or voxel p<0.05 FWE corrected
| MNI coordinates (mm) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seed ROI | Contrast | MPH | no-MPH | Cluster size (mm3) |
z-score | X | Y | Z | Side | Identified region |
| Caudate | MPH>no-MPH | + | −^ | 2970 | 4.42 | −45 | −19 | 55 | L | Pre-central G |
| no-MPH>MPH | −^ | ++^ | 4023 | 4.49 | 30 | 53 | 34 | R | Fronto-polar C | |
| −^ | +^ | 4725 | 4.46 | −36 | −31 | 1 | L | Superior Temporal G | ||
| −^ | +^ | 4752 | 3.99 | 45 | 2 | −41 | R | Middle Temporal G | ||
| Pallidum | MPH>no-MPH | −^ | −^ | 4617* | 4.8 | 24 | −85 | −11 | R | Inferior Occipital G |
| −^ | −^ | 3.86 | 36 | −85 | −2 | R | Middle Occipital G | |||
| ++^ | − | 3780 | 4.54 | −54 | −10 | 46 | L | Pre-central G | ||
| ++^ | − | 3.53 | −48 | −25 | 49 | L | Post-central G | |||
| + | −^ | 2538 | 3.86 | −30 | −31 | 67 | L | Pre-central G | ||
| no-MPH>MPH | − | ++^ | 36612* | 5.05 | −15 | −49 | −41 | L | Cerebellum | |
| −^ | + | 4131 | 4.15 | 6 | −40 | 25 | R/L | Cingulate G | ||
| −^ | ++^ | 4752 | 1.07 | 12 | 59 | 13 | R | Medial frontal G | ||
| −^ | ++^ | 3.77 | 9 | 38 | 10 | R/L | Anterior cingulate G | |||
| Putamen | MPH>no-MPH | None significant | ||||||||
| no-MPH>MPH | − | + | 6426* | 4.59 | 6 | −40 | 22 | R/L | Posterior cingulate G | |
| −^ | + | 4.41 | 0 | −25 | 28 | R/L | Mid-cingulate G | |||
| +^ | ++^ | 34911 | 4.5 | −12 | −46 | −35 | L | Cerebellum | ||
| − | ++^ | 1782** | 4.9 | 66 | −46 | 34 | R | Supramarginal G | ||
| Thalamus | MPH>no-MPH | ++^ | −^ | 21600* | 5.31 | 27 | −37 | 61 | R | Post-central G |
| ++^ | −^ | 4.32 | 45 | −7 | 34 | R | Pre-central G | |||
| ++^ | −^ | 4.19 | 63 | −7 | 7 | R | Superior Temporal G | |||
| +^ | −^ | 6453* | 4.81 | 39 | −70 | −14 | R | Middle Occipital G | ||
| +^ | −^ | 3.94 | 24 | −58 | −17 | R | Cerebellum | |||
| +^ | −^ | 3.83 | 33 | −64 | −17 | R | Inferior Occipital G | |||
| ++^ | − | 3456* | 4.77 | −63 | −16 | 10 | L | Post-central G | ||
| ++^ | − | 15471 | 4.48 | −45 | −10 | 46 | L | Pre-central G | ||
| ++^ | − | 4.3 | −54 | −19 | 46 | L | Post-central G | |||
| ++^ | +^ | 3213 | 3.75 | 3 | −7 | 61 | R/L | Medial Frontal G | ||
| +^ | −^ | 2592** | 4.81 | 0 | −88 | 46 | R/L | Precuneus | ||
| ++^ | − | 2133** | 4.69 | −21 | −7 | −26 | L | Parahippocampal G | ||
| no-MPH>MPH | −^ | +^ | 54837* | 6.17 | 12 | −85 | −32 | R | Cerebellum | |
| −^ | +^ | 67068* | 5.77 | 39 | 29 | 55 | R | Middle Frontal G | ||
| −^ | +^ | 5.3 | 21 | 26 | 58 | R | Superior Frontal G | |||
| −^ | +^ | 5.22 | 51 | 23 | 43 | R | Middle Frontal G | |||
| −^ | + | 16740* | 5.74 | 57 | −58 | 46 | R | Inferior Parietal G | ||
| +^ | ++^ | 7695* | 5.36 | −6 | −13 | 4 | R/L | Thalamus | ||
| −^ | − | 7749* | 5.1 | −60 | −58 | 43 | L | Inferior Parietal G | ||
*
Also significant at peak p<0.05, FWE corrected
**
Only significant at peak p<0.05, FWE corrected; R- right, L- left; G- gyrus; +/++ positively/more positively connected and −/− negatively/more negatively connected by one-sample t-test, with the sign and magnitude of connectivity determined by the effect size of each cluster.
^
A superscript on +/− indicates significant at p<0.05 for one sample t-test of the effect size for the cluster.