Figure 1.

The effects of luteolin on the production of NO and PGE₂ in macrophages, and their viability. (a) Chemical structures of luteolin, eupatilin, and jaceosidin. ((b), (c), (e), (f), and (g)) RAW264.7 cells (1 × 10⁶ cells/mL) were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of luteolin, eupatilin, jaceosidin, Aa-EE, or standard compounds [indomethacin (Indo) and L-NAME] for 24 h. The supernatants were then collected, and the NO or PGE₂ concentrations in the supernatants were determined using the Griess assay or EIA. (d) RAW264.7 cells (1 × 10⁶ cells/mL) were treated with luteolin for 24 h. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. All data are expressed as the mean ± SD of experiments, which were performed with six samples. ^∗ p < 0.05 and ^∗∗ p < 0.01 compared to normal or control groups.