Table 2.
The 50% effective concentrations of tannin fractions (F1 and F2) and two flavonoids when tested in vitro in the exsheathment inhibition assay of Haemonchus contortus third stage larvae with either the Juan or INRA strains and 50% effective concentrations of CT plus two flavonoids (EC50-values; μg of CT or flavonoid/ml) at 30 and 60 μM concentrations on H. contortus third stage larvae INRA strain.
| Plant source or compound | CT fraction | EC50 values (μg/ml) (95% CI) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT |
CT plus quercetin |
CT plus luteolin |
|||||
| Juan | INRA | 60 μM | 30 μM | 60 μM | 30 μM | ||
| PC rich fractions | |||||||
| Goat willow | F1 | 299 (273–324)Y | – | – | – | – | – |
| F2 | 176 (140–222)r,W | 394 (366–423)b,s,U | 103 (72.3–149)a,C | – | – | – | |
| Tilia | F1 | 142 (109–199)U,V | – | – | – | – | – |
| F2 | 140 (116–168)r,U | 356 (298–423)b,s,T | 62.4 (42.8–90.1)a,A | 156 (81.6–338)c,A | <37.5 | 75.9 (47.5–116)a,d,A | |
| PD rich fractions | |||||||
| Black currant | F1 | 178 (162–196)W,X | – | – | – | – | – |
| F2 | 60.1 (28.8–90.1)r,R | 277 (234–338)b,s,S | 137 (89.3–232)a,D | 164 (129–210)c,A | 31.2 (10.9–52.0)d | 170 (129–230)c,e,B | |
| Red currant | F1 | 95.3 (71.4–126)T | – | – | – | – | – |
| F2 | 75.8 (54.3–99.0)r,S | 126 (101–155)b,s,R | 78.8 (56.7–110)a,B | – | – | – | |
| Luteolin | <71.5 | 17.1 (13.8–20.2) | – | – | – | – | |
| Quercetin | <75.5 | 21.0 (19.2–23.0) | – | – | – | – | |
a,b,c,d,e,r,s,A,B,C,D,R,S,T,U,V,W,X: Lower case letters are used to indicate significant differences within rows and upper case letters within columns (P < 0.05).
r,s,R,S,T,U,V,W,X These letters indicate significant differences between the EC50-values of Juan and INRA strains (experiments are based on tannin fractions) (P < 0.05).
a,b,c,d,A,B,C,D These letters indicate significant differences between EC-50 value of the tannin-flavonoid combination experiments with the INRA strain (P < 0.05).