Table 3.
Participants’ description and group comparisons.
| Measures | NA (N = 96) | MCI (N = 85) | AD (N = 93) | F/χ2 | Comparisons2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | |||
| Age | 72.61 (7.76) | 73.18 (8.46) | 73.18 (8.46) | 1.80 | - |
| Education | 5.22 (4.29) | 4.71 (4.00) | 4.82 (3.46) | 0.48 | - |
| GDS-15 | 4.33 (3.95) | 2.94 (2.84) | 3.82 (3.22) | 3.81 | - |
| Sex (% Female) | 67% | 60% | 55% | 2.591 | - |
| MMSE | 25.75 (3.85) | 23.52 (3.62) | 20.59 (3.98) | 42.58∗∗ | NA > MCI > AD |
| Language/Semantic memory | -0.34 (1.20) | -0.76 (0.96) | -1.69 (1.16) | 27.28∗∗ | NA = MCI > AD |
| Episodic memory | -0.28 (0.80) | -1.22 (0.72) | -1.76 (0.65) | 93.47∗∗ | NA > MCI > AD |
| Visuospatial abilities | -0.31 (1.08) | -0.84 (1.04) | -1.47 (1.05) | 30.38∗∗ | NA > MCI > AD |
| Executive functions | -0.58 (1.34) | -1.21 (1.05) | -2.25 (1.09) | 46.91∗∗ | NA > MCI > AD |
| GADL self-care | 9.94 (0.32) | 9.99 (0.11) | 9.78 (0.87) | 4.01∗ | NA = MCI > AD |
| GADL domestic | 7.68 (0.86) | 7.41 (1.20) | 5.74 (2.19) | 19.61∗∗ | NA = MCI > AD |
| GADL complex | 7.55 (1.27) | 6.91 (1.47) | 4.35 (2.57) | 59.61∗∗ | NA = MCI > AD |
| GADL global score | 25.16 (2.06) | 24.03 (2.34) | 19.88 (3.92) | 75.03∗∗ | NA = MCI > AD |
*0.05, **<0.001. NA, Normal aging; MCI, Mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; M, Mean; SD, Standard-deviation; GDS-15, Geriatric Depression Scale 15 items; GADL, General Activities of Daily Living Scale; 1Chi-Square test; 2One-Way ANOVA and Sidak’s post hoc test (p < 0.05).