Table 2.
Associations of Maternal Material Hardship with Prepregnancy BMI Category Among 2128 Women in Project Viva
| Prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) category | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight(BMI <18.5 kg/m2) | Overweight(BMI 25 to <30 kg/m2) | Obese(BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | ||||
| Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) vs. normal (BMI 18.5 to <25)b | ||||||
| Childhood hardship | Childhood hardship | Childhood hardship | ||||
| Modela | Yes (n=6) | No (n=75) | Yes (n=49) | No (n=413) | Yes (n=39) | No (n=297) |
| 0 | 0.99 (0.38–2.63) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.40 (0.95–2.06) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.57 (1.02–2.41) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 1 | 0.79 (0.29–2.16) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.25 (0.84–1.86) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.26 (0.80–1.98) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2 | 0.75(0.27–2.08) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.20 (0.80–1.79) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.12 (0.71–1.78) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Adulthood hardship | Adulthood hardship | Adulthood hardship | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=4) | No (n=77) | Yes (n=25) | No (n=437) | Yes (n=34) | No (n=302) | |
| 0 | 1.69 (0.53–5.41) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.79 (0.99–3.24) | 1.0 (reference) | 3.49 (1.98–6.16) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 1 | 1.32 (0.39–4.42) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.39 (0.76–2.57) | 1.0 (reference) | 2.35 (1.29–4.31) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2 | 1.14 (0.34–3.87) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.28 (0.69–2.38) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.68 (0.91–3.11) | 1.0 (reference) |
a
Model 0, unadjusted; Model 1, adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, and parity; Model 2, model 1 additionally adjusted for education, marital status, and household income
b
Sample sizes for normal BMI (18.5 to <25): childhood hardship, yes=97 and no=1151; adult hardship, yes=39 and no=1209.
BMI, body mass index.