Table 4.
Associations of Material Hardship with Weight Retention at 1 Year Postpartum Among 1303 Women in Project Viva
| Substantial postpartum weight retention at 1 year (≥5 kg vs. <5 kg)bOR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Childhood hardship | ||
| Modela | Yes (n=31) | No (n=188) |
| 0 | 1.98 (1.24, 3.16) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 1 | 1.43 (0.87, 2.37) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2 | 1.34 (0.80, 2.25) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Adulthood hardship | ||
|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=13) | No (n=207) | |
| 0 | 1.92 (0.92, 4.01) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 1 | 1.44 (0.66, 3.15) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2 | 1.22 (0.56, 2.69) | 1.0 (reference) |
| Pregnancy hardship | ||
|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=9) | No (n=211) | |
| 0 | 3.06 (1.16, 8.11) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 1 | 1.64 (0.56, 4.78) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2 | 1.24 (0.41, 3.72) | 1.0 (reference) |
a
Model 0: unadjusted; Model 1: adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, parity and pre-pregnancy BMI; Model 2: model 1 additionally adjusted for education, marital status, and household income
b
Sample sizes for no substantial postpartum weight retention (<5 kg): childhood hardship, yes=83 and no=1001; adult hardship yes=34 and no=1050; pregnancy hardship, yes=14 and no=1070.