Table 1.
A summary of potential targets for the treatment of obesity and their mechanisms.
| Potential targets | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Oxyntomodulin | GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonism | (10, 16) |
| Peptide YY | Y2R agonism modulates central anorectic pathways and influences ileal brake | (17, 18) |
| Dietary supplementation with glutamine and l-arginine | Ingested glutamine and l-arginine potentiate the release of GLP-1 and PYY, via activation of AMPK and mTOR | (19–22) |
| Calcium-sensing receptor | Activation by specific l-amino acids stimulates the secretion of GLP-1 and PYY | (23) |
| G-protein coupled receptor 93 | Protein hydrolyzates stimulate the release of CCK | (24) |
| G-protein coupled receptor, class C, group 6, subtype A | Activation by specific l-amino acids stimulates the secretion of GLP-1 | (25, 26) |
| Sodium-glucose transporter 1 | Transport of ingested glucose into enterocytes stimulates the secretion of GLP-1 | (27) |
| Free fatty acid receptor 2 and 3 | Activation by short-chain fatty acids may stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 and PYY and inhibit gastrointestinal motility | (28–30) |
| Free fatty acid receptor 1 and 4 | Activation by medium and long-chain fatty acids stimulates the secretion of GLP-1 | (31–33) |