Table 1.
Pro-inflammatory mediators measured in the BAL fluid of C57BL/6 mice 4 h after inhalation of LPS
| PBS inhalation | LPS inhalation | LPS inhalation + 1 mg·mL−1 olodaterol | Inhibition by olodaterol (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TNF-α (ng·mL−1) | 0.0 ± 0.0*** | 0.63 ± 0.03 | 0.11 ± 0.01*** | 82.9 ± 1.3 |
| MPO (ng·mL−1) | 3.51 ± 1.37*** | 53.75 ± 3.71 | 18.88 ± 1.39*** | 69.4 ± 2.8 |
| MMP-9 (ng·mL−1) | 1.09 ± 0.44*** | 87.00 ± 6.99 | 21.75 ± 2.29*** | 76.0 ± 2.7 |
| M-CSF-1 (ng·mL−1) | 0.08 ± 0.005*** | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.15 ± 0.01*** | 58.5 ± 3.9 |
| GM-CSF (ng·mL−1) | 0.004 ± 0.0*** | 0.23 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.004*** | 85.8 ± 1.8 |
| CCL4 (ng·mL−1) | 0.05 ± 0.01*** | 14.51 ± 1.54 | 2.03 ± 0.17*** | 86.3 ± 1.2 |
| IL-1β (ng·mL–1) | 0.60 ± 0.0** | 1.30 ± 0.06 | 1.35 ± 0.12 | – |
| KC (ng·mL–1) | 0.0 ± 0.0*** | 0.46 ± 0.04 | 0.39 ± 0.03 | 15.4 ± 5.9 |
Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 8 animals per group).
**
P < 0.01
***
P < 0.001 represent significant differences compared with LPS-exposed, vehicle-treated animals. KC: murine form of CXCL1.