CS-evoked responses in the mPFC are modulated by propranolol. On day 2, CS-evoked activity was significantly different between vehicle- and propranolol-treated rats. Perievent time histograms (100-ms bins) computed on average normalized firing rate (post-CS firing normalized to 1-s pre-CS baseline) across the five CS presentations revealed that both PL (A) and IL (B) neurons exhibited increased firing due to prior propranolol treatment [PL, drug × time interaction, F(29,2958) = 2.52, P < 0.01; IL, F(29,2117) = 1.67, P < 0.05].