Magneto-transport study of (Bi,Sb)2Te3. (A) SdH oscillations of the longitudinal resistance Rxx at high magnetic field. (B) QHE of the 4QL (Bi0.57Sb0.43)2Te3 thin film. The Hall conductivity (σxy) of the films measured at 0.3 K shows plateaus at the quantized values. (Inset) Hall resistance Rxy, together with the longitudinal resistance Rxx. (C and D) Electrical detection of the spin-polarized surface state conduction in (Bi,Sb)2Te3 samples. The measured four-probe resistance as the in-plane magnetic field is swept back and forth under dc bias of Idc = +2 μA and Idc = −2 μA, respectively. The red and black arrows indicate the magnetic field sweeping direction. (Insets) High-resistance state (HRS) and low-resistance state (LRS), determined by the relative orientation between the Co magnetization and the spin polarization of surface states. See ref. 55.