A, Lys562 or Lys563 residue of TAK1 undergoes non Lys48-linked polyubiquitination. Flag-tagged TAK1 wild-type (WT), K(545,546)R, or K(562,563)R mutants were co-expressed in HEK293T cells with HA-tagged Ub WT, K48R, or K63R mutants, and analyzed for polyubiquitination as described above. B, in response to LPS, Lys562 or Lys563 residue of TAK1 undergoes Lys63-linked polyubiquitination. TAK1-silenced RAW264.7 cells were reconstituted with Flag-tagged TAK1 wild-type (WT) or K(562,563)R mutant. The cells were incubated with LPS for the indicated times, lysed, immunoprecipitated, and detected polyubiquitination with anti-Lys63-linked Ub antibodies. C, Lys562 residue of TAK1 undergoes Lys63-linked polyubiquitination. Flag-tagged TAK1 wild-type (WT), K562R, K563R, or K(562,563)R mutants were co-expressed in HEK293T cells with HA-tagged K48R mutants. Lysates of the cells were analyzed for polyubiquitination. D, TAK1 polyubiquitnation enhanced by blocking TAK1 phosphorylation is located at the Lys562 residue. Flag-tagged TAK1 wild-type (WT), T(184,187)A, K(562,563)R, or T(184,187)A, K(562,563)R mutants were co-expressed in HEK293T cells with HA-tagged Ub WT, K48R, or K63R mutants. The cells were collected and analyzed for polyubiquitnation. E, TAK1 polyubiquitnation enhanced by TAK1 inhibition is located at the Lys562 residue. Flag-tagged TAK1 wild-type (WT), or K(562,563)R mutant was co-expressed in HEK293T cells with HA-tagged Ub K48R mutant. After treatment with TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeanenol for 30 min, the cells were collected and analyzed for polyubiquitnation. F, polyubiquitination at Lys158 residue of TAK1 is independent to Lys562 residue. Flag-tagged TAK1 T(184,187)A, T(184,187)A, K(562,563)R, or T(184,187)A, K(158,562,563)R mutants were co-expressed in HEK293T cells with HA-tagged Ub K48R mutant. The cells were collected and analyzed for polyubiquitnation. The result are represented from at least three independent experiments.