Table 3.

Adjusted associations between dust phthalate concentrations and the MSEL, and VABS scores (CHARGE study, n = 144^a)

	Dimethyl phthalate		Diethyl phthalate		Dibutyl phthalate		Butylbenzyl phthalate		Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
ASD and DD children (n = 77)
Mullen (DQ scores)
Composite score	0.60	[−3.3; 4.5]	0.97	[−3.8; 5.7]	0.13	[−6.1; 6.4]	−2.20	[−6.1; 1.7]	0.30	[−6.2; 6.8]
Expressive language	0.22	[−4.3; 4.8]	1.44	[−4.2; 7.1]	−0.11	[−7.5; 7.3]	−2.90	[−7.5; 1.7]	−1.52	[−9.2; 6.1]
Fine motor	0.76	[−2.5; 4.0]	0.02	[−4.1; 4.1]	−2.60	[−8.0; 2.8]	−1.70	[−5.1; 1.7]	0.64	[−5.0; 6.2]
Receptive language	1.41	[−3.2; 6.0]	1.09	[−4.6; 6.8]	−0.37	[−7.8; 7.1]	−2.20	[−6.9; 2.5]	1.21	[−6.5; 8.9]
Visual reception	−0.01	[−4.8; 4.8]	1.34	[−4.6; 7.3]	3.61	[−4.2; 11]	−2.00	[−7.0; 3.0]	0.89	[−7.3; 9.0]
Vinland (standard scores)
Composite score	0.29	[−1.9; 2.5]	0.37	[−2.3; 3.0]	−0.22	[−3.7; 3.3]	−0.40	[−2.6; 1.8]	−2.00	[−5.6; 1.6]
Communication	−0.43	[−2.8; 1.9]	−0.20	[−3.1; 2.7]	−1.16	[−4.9; 2.6]	−0.53	[−2.9; 1.9]	−2.46	[−6.3; 1.4]
Daily living skills	1.75	[−0.5; 3.9]	1.53	[−1.3; 4.3]	0.74	[−3.0; 4.5]	0.41	[−1.9; 2.8]	0.01	[−3.8; 3.9]
Motor skills	0.14	[−3.0; 3.3]	2.08	[−1.9; 6.0]	−2.25	[−7.4; 2.9]	−1.34	[−4.6; 2.0]	−4.40	[−9.7; 0.9]
Socialization	0.18	[−2.4; 2.8]	−0.72	[−3.9; 2.5]	2.25	[−1.9; 6.4]	−0.63	[−3.3; 2.0]	−0.32	[−4.7; 4.0]
TD children (n = 68)
Mullen (DQ scores)
Composite score	0.83	[−2.2; 3.9]	−1.83	[−5.2; 1.5]	−0.38	[−4.0; 3.3]	0.96	[−1.5; 3.4]	1.78	[−2.3; 5.9]
Expressive language	−0.28	[−4.2; 3.6]	−2.17	[−6.8; 2.5]	0.00	[−5.0; 5.0]	0.13	[−3.3; 3.5]	0.71	[−4.9; 6.4]
Fine motor	1.90	[−1.3; 5.1]	1.06	[−2.5; 4.7]	1.01	[−2.9; 4.9]	1.05	[−1.6; 3.7]	3.48	[−0.8; 7.8]
Receptive language	0.63	[−3.4; 4.6]	−2.70	[−7.3; 1.8]	−0.64	[−5.6; 4.3]	0.98	[−2.4; 4.3]	1.41	[−4.2; 7.0]
Visual reception	1.04	[−3.4; 5.5]	−3.50	[−8.2; 1.2]	−1.90	[−7.0; 3.3]	1.67	[−1.8; 5.1]	1.52	[−4.3; 7.4]
Vinland (standard score)
Composite score	1.19	[−2.4; 4.8]	−4.45	[−8.2; −0.7]	−3.56	[−7.6; 0.5]	0.43	[−2.4; 3.3]	−0.08	[−4.8; 4.6]
Communication	0.39	[−2.7; 3.5]	−4.38	[−7.6; −1.2]	−3.77	[−7.3; −0.3]	−0.46	[−2.9; 2.0]	−1.29	[−5.4; 2.8]
Daily living skills	1.43	[−1.8; 4.6]	−3.29	[−6.8; 0.3]	−3.16	[−7.0; 0.7]	0.14	[−2.5; 2.8]	−1.37	[−5.8; 3.0]
Motor skills	1.56	[−1.8; 4.9]	−2.06	[−5.6; 1.5]	−1.71	[−5.6; 2.2]	0.58	[−2.0; 3.2]	1.36	[−3.0; 5.8]
Socialization	0.15	[−2.8; 3.1]	−2.90	[−6.0; 0.3]	−1.36	[−4.8; 2.1]	1.28	[−1.1; 3.6]	1.24	[−2.7; 5.2]

Analyses adjusted for child age at assessment, child gender and race, maternal education and date of dust collection

ASD autism spectrum disorder, DD developmental delay, TD typically developing

^aDate of dust collection was missing for one participant