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. 2014 Sep 16;2:31. doi: 10.1186/s40425-014-0031-3

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© Santegoets et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Prostate GVAX/ipilimumab therapy-induced activation of peripheral blood (PB) DC subsets is associated with prolonged survival. PBDC activation and frequency was determined before (week 0/visit 1 (w0v1)), during (w4v3, w8v5, w12v7, w16v9, w20v11, w24v13 and after (follow-up (fu)) prostate GVAX/ipilimumab therapy by flow cytometry. A) Activation state over treatment –by Median Fluorescence Index (MFI) of CD40 of CD11c^hiCD19⁻CD14^loBDCA1⁺cDC1, CD11c⁺CD14⁻BDCA-3⁺ cDC2, CD11c⁺CD14^loMDC8⁺ cDC3 and CD11c⁻CD14⁻CD123^hiBDCA-2⁺pDC. Grey bars denote the mean ± SEM range at baseline. B) DC subset frequencies (as percentages of PBMC) and C) absolute numbers per ml blood, over treatment, cDC1: solid black squares, cDC2: open black squares, cDC3: solid grey squares, pDC: open grey squares. Means ± SEM of 28 patients are shown. D) Kaplan Meier curve for on-treatment increases in cDC1 and cDC3 activation. Number of patients and corresponding median survival for each group is given. Differences between pre- and on- or post-treatment were analyzed with the repeated measures ANOVA with a post-hoc Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05, as indicated with asterisks (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01) within the respective squares. Statistical significance of the survival distribution was analyzed by log-rank testing.