Table 4.
EC and TEM exposures by industry.
| Industry | Sample | EC | TEM | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | GM (μg m−3) | GSD | Min. | Max. | 8-h TWA GM (μg m−3) | 8-h TWA GSD | n | GM (s cm−3) | GSD | Min. | Max. | 8-h TWA GM (s cm−3) | 8-h TWA GSD | |||||
| Primary manufacturer (n = 4) | PBZ Resp. | 7 | 0.05 | 2.29 | 0.02 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 2.29 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| PBZ Inhal. | 11 | 0.19 | 7.78 | 0.01 | 1.95 | 0.11 | 5.11 | 11 | 0.011 | 2.77 | 0.003 | 0.090 | 0.007 | 2.34 | ||||
| AS Resp. | 11 | 0.26 | 2.77 | 0.06 | 1.68 | 0.16 | 2.36 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| AS Inhal. | 13 | 0.06 | 8.85 | 0.01 | 4.29 | 0.03 | 5.46 | 13 | 0.005 | 4.61 | 0.0001 | 0.034 | 0.003 | 4.49 | ||||
| Hybrid producer/ user (n = 2) | PBZ Resp. | 9 | 0.68 | 2.38 | 0.15 | 2.40 | 0.41 | 3.05 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| PBZ Inhal. | 9 | 13.39 | 3.45 | 1.59 | 79.57 | 7.93 | 2.34 | 9 | 0.042 | 2.88 | 0.010 | 0.169 | 0.026 | 2.49 | ||||
| AS Resp. | 12 | 0.22 | 3.46 | 0.05 | 3.02 | 0.15 | 3.32 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| AS Inhal. | 12 | 2.81 | 5.18 | 0.17 | 210.22 | 1.96 | 3.66 | 12 | 0.008 | 8.66 | 0.0001 | 0.631 | 0.005 | 8.06 | ||||
| Secondary manufacturer— electronics (n = 4) | PBZ Resp. | 5 | 0.93 | 1.73 | 0.50 | 1.94 | 0.18 | 1.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| PBZ Inhal. | 18 | 0.52 | 4.56 | 0.05 | 5.21 | 0.12 | 6.91 | 18 | 0.001 | 6.30 | 0.0001 | 0.214 | 0.0002 | 5.65 | ||||
| AS Resp. | 14 | 0.27 | 7.49 | 0.02 | 6.94 | 0.04 | 5.43 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| AS Inhal. | 14 | 0.19 | 3.27 | 0.04 | 1.45 | 0.03 | 4.20 | 14 | 0.001 | 3.29 | 0.0001 | 0.015 | 0.0001 | 2.12 | ||||
| Secondary manufacturer— composites/ thermoplastics (n = 4) | PBZ Resp. | 4 | 0.70 | 2.76 | 0.34 | 2.94 | 0.19 | 2.04 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| PBZ Inhal. | 9 | 5.47 | 2.01 | 1.79 | 21.23 | 0.86 | 3.72 | 13 | 0.041 | 12.26 | 0.0005 | 1.613 | 0.008 | 13.47 | ||||
| AS Resp. | 12 | 0.60 | 4.33 | 0.05 | 3.89 | 0.13 | 3.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||
| AS Inhal. | 14 | 0.33 | 2.46 | 0.09 | 1.65 | 0.07 | 2.19 | 13 | 0.010 | 7.47 | 0.0003 | 0.295 | 0.002 | 6.13 | ||||
All EC values have been background corrected. AS, area sample; Resp., respirable size fraction; Inhal., inhalable size fraction; s cm−3, CNT or CNF structures per cubic centimeter.