Table 2.
Crude and Adjusted Odds Ratio Estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals for Association between Selected Sociodemographics and One-Way Travel Distance (> 60 Miles vs. ≤60 Miles [Reference]) (N=232)
| Characteristics | Crude odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) |
Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal | ||
| Age (years) | ||
| < 30 | Reference | Reference |
| 30–35 | 0.54 (0.28–1.03) | 0.56 (0.25–1.24) |
| ≥ 36 | 0.72 (0.37–1.39) | 0.65 (0.27–1.56) |
| Education | ||
| Elementary and some high school | 1.09 (0.48–2.74) | 0.51 (0.12–2.19) |
| High school graduate | 1.56 (0.77–3.18) | 0.83 (0.28–2.51) |
| Some college | 0.61 (0.30–1.22) | 0.25 (0.10–0.63) |
| College graduate | Reference | Reference |
| Annual household income (before taxes) | ||
| ≤$19,999 | 1.00 (0.50–1.99) | 0.93 (0.24–3.60) |
| $20,000 to $49,999 | 1.99 (1.03–3.85) | 2.40 (0.88–6.53) |
| ≥$50,000 | Reference | Reference |
| Marital status | ||
| Currently married | Reference | Reference |
| Previously married | 1.24 (0.60–2.59) | 1.89 (0.68–5.31) |
| Never married | 0.83 (0.37–1.87) | 0.63 (0.18–2.20) |
| No. of children with special health care needs in household (other than child with OFC) | ||
| None | Reference | Reference |
| ≥ 1 child | 1.44 (0.80–2.56) | 1.56 (0.74–3.29) |
| Child | ||
| Age (years) | ||
| 2 | 0.54 (0.26–1.12) | 0.33 (0.13–0.82) |
| 3 | Reference | Reference |
| 4 | 0.51 (0.25–1.06) | 0.27 (0.11–0.68) |
| 5 | 0.73 (0.30–1.77) | 0.48 (0.16–1.45) |
| 6 | 0.50 (0.16–1.57) | 0.35 (0.07–1.64) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference |
| Othera | 1.16 (0.59–2.29) | 1.41 (0.57–3.47) |
| Preterm birth | ||
| < 37 weeks | 0.91 (0.46–1.82) | 0.77 (0.33–1.82) |
| ≥ 37 weeks | Reference | Reference |
| Cleft type | ||
| Cleft palate only | 1.48 (0.67–3.30) | 1.75 (0.64–4.81) |
| Cleft lip only | Reference | Reference |
| Cleft lip with cleft palate | 1.74 (0.80–3.75) | 2.83 (1.06–7.55) |
| Presence of other anomalies | ||
| Isolated anomaly (orofacial cleft diagnosis only) | Reference | Reference |
| Multiple anomalies (orofacial cleft + another birth defect) | 1.24 (0.72–2.13) | 1.35 (0.65–2.83) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | Reference | Reference |
| Female | 1.16 (0.68–2.00) | 0.80 (0.40–1.58) |
| Primary insuranceb | ||
| Private health insurance | Reference | Reference |
| Public health insurance | 1.27 (0.71–2.25) | 0.89 (0.32–2.52) |
| Military | 2.11 (0.57–7.76) | 1.32 (0.28–6.15) |
Adjusted for all covariates listed in table and statistically significant results in bold.
Other includes respondents who indicated a race of Hispanic, Black/African-American, American Indian, Alaskan Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, or Other.
Private health insurance was defined as enrollment in the State Employee Health Plan or a private health insurance plan purchased from an employer or directly from an insurance company. Public health insurance was defined as having enrollment in one of the following insurance plans: North Carolina Health Choice (State Children’s Health Insurance Program), Medicaid, Carolina ACCESS or Health Check. Military insurance was defined as having insurance through Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services, TRICARE (formerly Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services), or the Veteran’s Administration.