Table 5. Ten-Year Prevalence of Fractures, Falls, and Musculoskeletal Injuries Among Beneficiaries According to Disordersof Binocular Visiona.
| Disorder of Binocular Vision (ICD-9-CM Code) | No. of Patients With Diagnosisand Fractures, Falls, or MusculoskeletalInjuries | OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjustedb | P Value | Adjustedc | P Value | ||
| Strabismus (378. XX) | 38 596 | 1.28 (1.26-1.31) | <.001 | 1.17 (1.15-1.20) | <.001 |
| Esotropia (378.0X) | 8489 | 1.30 (1.24-1.37) | <.001 | ||
| Exotropia (378.1X) | 8646 | 1.27 (1.21-1.33) | <.001 | ||
| Other strabismus (378.5X) | 10 525 | 1.24 (1.19-1.29) | <.001 | ||
| Amblyopia (368.0X) | 13 366 | 1.12 (1.08-1.16) | <.001 | 1.08 (1.04-1.12) | <.001 |
| Diplopia (368.2) | 36 781 | 1.36 (1.33-1.39) | <.001 | 1.27 (1.24-1.31) | <.001 |
| Disorders of binocular vision (368.3X) | 1389 | 1.27 (1.13-1.43) | <.001 | 1.14 (1.01-1.28) | .04 |
| Nystagmus (379.5X) | 3080 | 1.32 (1.22-1.43) | <.001 | 1.23 (1.14-1.33) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ICD-9-CM, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; OR, odds ratio.
The cohort included a 5% Medicare sample from 2002 to 2011.
Compared each subtype of disorder of binocular vision with the sample without a disorder of binocular vision individually after adjusting for age, sex, race, US region of residence, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, osteoporosis, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, glaucoma, severe cataract, age-related macular degeneration, diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic manifestations, Parkinson disease, physically limiting conditions, and duration of Medicare Part B coverage in a multivariable logistic regression model.
Compared specific subtypes of disorders of binocular vision with the sample without a disorder of binocular vision simultaneously after adjusting for age, sex, race, US region of residence, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, osteoporosis, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, glaucoma, severe cataract, and age-related macular degeneration.