Table 4. Multilevel Analysis of Demographic Predictors on Stress.
| Effect of IV | Effect of IV × Time | Model statistics | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IV | B | SE | p | B | SE | p | Deviance | χ2(1) | p |
| a Variable coded 1 (yes) or 0 (no). b Compared with Model 1, NL1 = 6,770, NL2 = 2,015, deviance = 17,652.30, df = 5. c Compared with Model 1, NL1 = 6,297, NL2 = 1,845, deviance = 16,439.30, df = 5. | |||||||||
| Malea | |||||||||
| Model 2 | −.081 | .024 | .001 | — | — | — | 17,641.48b | 10.82 | .001 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | −.084 | .039 | .033 | .003 | .022 | .905 | 17,641.47 | .01 | .920 |
| Nationality of participant different from the home countrya | |||||||||
| Model 2 | .043 | .046 | .353 | — | — | — | 17,651.43b | .87 | .351 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | .110 | .076 | .148 | −.046 | .042 | .268 | 17,650.21 | 1.22 | .269 |
| Nationality of participant different from nationality of either parenta | |||||||||
| Model 2 | .034 | .030 | .262 | — | — | — | 17,651.04b | 1.26 | .262 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | .037 | .049 | .450 | −.002 | .027 | .942 | 17,651.04 | .00 | 1.000 |
| Nationality of one parent different from nationality of other parenta | |||||||||
| Model 2 | .022 | .042 | .606 | — | — | — | 17,652.03b | .27 | .603 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | .113 | .067 | .093 | −.065 | .038 | .083 | 17,649.02 | 3.01 | .083 |
| Has participant lived in home country since birtha | |||||||||
| Model 2 | .031 | .048 | .521 | — | — | — | 16,438.88c | .42 | .517 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | −.008 | .076 | .915 | .028 | .042 | .513 | 16,438.46 | .42 | .517 |
| Number of languages spoken by participant | |||||||||
| Model 2 | −.011 | .011 | .310 | — | — | — | 16,438.26c | 1.04 | .308 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | −.064 | .018 | .000 | .037 | .010 | .000 | 16,424.75 | 13.51 | .000 |
| Has participant previously travelled abroada | |||||||||
| Model 2 | −.077 | .031 | .013 | — | — | — | 16,433.11c | 6.19 | .013 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | −.064 | .049 | .193 | −.009 | .028 | .742 | 16,433.00 | .11 | .740 |
| Did participant previously sojourna | |||||||||
| Model 2 | .014 | .035 | .685 | — | — | — | 17,652.13b | .17 | .680 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | .007 | .057 | .902 | .005 | .032 | .871 | 17,652.11 | .02 | .888 |
| Number of months participant previously sojourned | |||||||||
| Model 2 | −.002 | .005 | .778 | — | — | — | 17,652.22b | .08 | .777 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | −.005 | .009 | .525 | .003 | .005 | .555 | 17,651.87 | .35 | .554 |
| Has a member of family previously sojourneda | |||||||||
| Model 2 | .000 | .023 | .994 | — | — | — | 16,439.30c | .00 | 1.000 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | .008 | .037 | .836 | −.005 | .020 | .797 | 16,439.23 | .07 | .791 |
| Has the participants’ family previously hosted an exchange studenta | |||||||||
| Model 2 | −.025 | .027 | .352 | — | — | — | 16,438.43c | .87 | .351 |
| Model 3 (+ time) | .049 | .044 | .269 | −.052 | .024 | .033 | 16,433.88 | 4.55 | .033 |