Table 1.

Trunk endurance tests description.

	Static Trunk Extensor Endurance Test (STEET)	Trunk Curl Static Endurance Test (TCSET)	Side Bridge Endurance Test (SBET)
Patient position	-Prone with the inguinal region/anterior superior iliac spine at the edge of the bench. -Arms at sides, ankles fixed (by strap or hands), holding horizontal position.	-Arms are folded across chest and back laid on a piece of wood to support the patient at a fixed angle of 60°. -Toes are anchored either with a strap or by the tester. -Both knees and hips are flexed 90°.	-The subject lies on one side supported by their pelvis, lower extremity and forearm. -The top leg is placed in front of the lower leg with both feet on the floor. -The upper arm is placed against the chest with the hand touching the anterior lower shoulder.
Procedure	-The patient maintains the horizontal position as long as possible. -Timing begins when the posture is horizontal and unsupported. -Subjects are verbally encouraged to hold this position as long as possible.	-The wood is pulled back 10 cm (4 in). -Timing starts when the initial posture is achieved. -The subject holds the isometric posture as long as possible.	-The pelvis is raised off the table as high as possible and held in line with the long axis of the body, supporting the weight between the feet and elbow. -Timing starts when the initial posture is achieved. -Subjects statically maintain this elevated position.
Termination Criteria	-The position is held up to a maximum of 240 s. -If the patient drops below the horizontal position more than 10° (an additional chance to regain it is given after the first attempt). -If the patient reports LBP or cramping in their legs, the test may be stopped.	-No specific time limitation, although generally considered a maximum of 240 s. -When any part of the subject's back touches the wood. This generally equals a drop of more than 30° with respect to the reference. -Significant LBP causes the test to be stopped.	-No specific time limitation, although generally considered a maximum of 240 s. -The subject is unable to lift their body up from the floor or drops their pelvis or thigh part way more than 10° and cannot raise it up to the start position again. -Significant LBP causes the test to be stopped.