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Examples of disease biomarkers.
| Breath Gas | Formula | Typical Fraction [ppb] | Diseases |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitric oxide | NO | <35 | Asthma, angina, hyperbilirubinemia |
| Carbon monoxide | CO | 1000–10,000 | |
| Pentane | C5H12 | <10 | Breast cancer, lung cancer |
| Aceton | (CH3)2CO | <1000 | Diabetes |
| Ammonia | NH3 | <2000 | Liver disease, stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers caused by Helicobacter pylori |
| Carbonyl sulfide | OCS | <10 | Liver disease, transplant rejection |
| Ethane | C2H6 | <10 | Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, cancers |
