Intensity at donor emission (max 520 nm) of DNA-D-NT. (a) Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is clearly occurring, as indicated by the two alternating peaks. This, in turn, indicates DNA hybridization on nanotube surfaces. Emission of the donor on DNA-NT decreases with additions of attachment to the acceptor, thus the alternating peaks. The addition of complement conjugated with acceptor (cDNA-A) actually increases the donor emission at higher concentrations; (b) No FRET between donor and acceptor appears, indicating that there is no hybridization occurring, and the donor fluorescence remains significantly lower in the presence of cDNA-A than without it. Reproduced with permission from Jeng et al. [57]. Copyright 2006, American Chemical Society.