Table 2.
Surgical and Non-Surgical Patients at Baseline
| Patients Undergoing Degenerative Spine Surgery (n=1,102) | Non-Surgery Patients (n=118,065) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV Infected (n=228) | Uninfected (n=784) | P value | HIV Infected (n=39,810) | Uninfected (n=78,255) | P value | ||
|
|
|
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| Age (years) | Mean (SD) | 45.3 (8.4) | 45.4 (8.2) | 0.694 | 46.3 (10.2) | 46.6 (10.3) | <0.001 |
| Gender | Male | 222 (97%) | 767 (98%) | 0.621 | 38,880 (98%) | 76,418 (98%) | 0.919 |
| Race | White | 104 (46%) | 370 (47%) | 0.823 | 14,915 (37%) | 30,57 (39%) | <0.001 |
| African American | 110 (48%) | 357 (46%) | 19,230 (48%) | 36,621 (47%) | |||
| Hispanic | 12 (5.3%) | 44 (5.6%) | 2,973 (7.5%) | 5,975 (7.6%) | |||
| Other | 2 (0.9%) | 13 (1.7%) | 2,692 (6.8%) | 5,102 (6.5%) | |||
| Comorbidities | Alcohol abuse | 48 (21%) | 130 (17%) | 0.138 | 6,408 (16%) | 11,366 (15%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1 (0.4%) | 5 (0.6%) | 1.000 | 307 (0.8%) | 788 (1.0%) | <0.001 | |
| CAD | 6 (2.6%) | 55 (7.0%) | 0.011 | 1,416 (3.6%) | 4,806 (6.1%) | <0.001 | |
| Cancer | 12 (5.3%) | 17 (2.2%) | 0.022 | 2,023 (5.1%) | 2,537 (3.2%) | <0.001 | |
| CHF | 0 (0%) | 7 (0.9%) | 0.360 | 647 (1.6%) | 1,292 (1.7%) | 0.753 | |
| Cirrhosis | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.3%) | 1.000 | 418 (1.1%) | 472 (0.6%) | <0.001 | |
| COPD | 11 (4.8%) | 33 (4.2%) | 0.712 | 1,722 (4.3%) | 3,096 (4.0%) | 0.003 | |
| Depression, major | 28 (12%) | 85 (11%) | 0.551 | 2,623 (6.6%) | 4,540 (5.8%) | <0.001 | |
| Diabetes | 21 (9.2%) | 85 (11%) | 0.540 | 2,905 (7.3%) | 9,555 (12%) | <0.001 | |
| Drug abuse | 53 (23%) | 114 (15%) | 0.003 | 7,431 (19%) | 9,713 (12%) | <0.001 | |
| Hepatitis B, chronic | 6(2.6%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0.011 | 1,185 (3.0%) | 298 (0.4%) | <0.001 | |
| Hepatitis C | 14 (6.1%) | 24 (3.1%) | 0.045 | 3,702 (9.3%) | 2,330 (3.0%) | <0.001 | |
| Hypertension | 37 (16%)) | 209 (27%) | 0.001 | 6,983 (18%) | 20,830 (27%) | <0.001 | |
| Hyperlipidemia | 8 (3.5%) | 85 (11%) | <0.001 | 2,298 (5.8%) | 10,581 (14%) | <0.001 | |
| Osteoarthritis | 15 (6.6%) | 109 (14%) | 0.003 | 1,044 (2.6%) | 5,271 (6.7%) | <0.001 | |
| PTSD | 16 (7.0%) | 96 (12%) | 0.030 | 1,880 (4.7%) | 6,024 (7.7%) | <0.001 | |
| PVD | 2 (0.9%) | 9 (1.2%) | 1.000 | 410 (10%) | 1,041 (1.3%) | <0.001 | |
| Renal insufficiency | 5 (2.2%) | 4 (0.5%) | 0.032 | 1,616 (4.1%) | 1,321 (1.7%) | <0.001 | |
| Schizophrenia | 6 (2.6%) | 26 (3.3%) | 0.830 | 1,361 (3.4%) | 4,854 (6.2%) | <0.001 | |
| Stroke | 2 (0.9%) | 18 (2.3%) | 0.277 | 626 (1.6%) | 1,331 (1.7%) | 0.106 | |
| TIA | 0 (0%) | 8 (1.0%) | 0.210 | 75 (0.2%) | 173 (0.2%) | 0.254 | |
| cART | 113 (50%) | n/a | n/a | 20,884 (52%) | n/a | n/a | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | <18.5 | 14 (6.1%) | 10 (1.3%) | <0.001 | 2,450 (6.2%) | 1,042 (1.3%) | <0.001 |
| 18.5 – 24.9 | 122 (54%) | 244 (31%) | 19,712 (50%) | 20,080 (26%) | |||
| 25 – 29.9 | 62 (27%) | 302 (38%) | 12,528 (31%) | 29,548 (38%) | |||
| >30 | 29 (13%) | 228 (29%) | 5,120 (13%) | 27,585 (35%) | |||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | >12 | 183 (80%) | 720 (92%) | <0.001 | 30,475 (77%) | 72,200 (92%) | <0.001 |
| 10 – 12 | 33 (15%) | 44 (5.7%) | 6,359 (16%) | 4,616 (6.0%) | |||
| <10 | 12 (5.1%) | 20 (2.5%) | 2,975 (7.5%) | 1,439 (1.8%) | |||
| Albumin, g/dl | ≥3.5 | 154 (668%) | 663 (85%) | <0.001 | 27,239 (68%) | 68,835 (88%) | <0.001 |
| <3.5 | 74 (32%) | 121 (15%) | 12,571 (32%) | 9,420 (12%) | |||
| CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 | ≥ 500 | 74 (32%) | n/a | n/a | 9,675 (24%) | n/a | n/a |
| 350 – 499 | 47 (21%) | n/a | 7,256 (18%) | n/a | |||
| 200 – 349 | 50 (22%) | n/a | 8,591 (22%) | n/a | |||
| 50 – 199 | 35 (15%) | n/a | 8,772 (22%) | n/a | |||
| <50 | 23 (10%) | n/a | 5,517 (14%) | n/a | |||
| Viral load, copies/ml | <500 | 81 (36%) | n/a | n/a | 11,073 (28%) | n/a | n/a |
| ≥ 500 | 147 (64%) | n/a | 28,737 (72%) | n/a | |||
SD = Standard deviation; CAD = Coronary artery disease; CHF = Congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; TIA = Transient ischemic attack
cART = Combination anti-retroviral therapy
BMI = Body mass index