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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 20.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012 Apr 1;37(7):612–622. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318228f32d

Table 2.

Surgical and Non-Surgical Patients at Baseline

Patients Undergoing Degenerative Spine Surgery (n=1,102) Non-Surgery Patients (n=118,065)
HIV Infected (n=228) Uninfected (n=784) P value HIV Infected (n=39,810) Uninfected (n=78,255) P value


Age (years) Mean (SD) 45.3 (8.4) 45.4 (8.2) 0.694 46.3 (10.2) 46.6 (10.3) <0.001
Gender Male 222 (97%) 767 (98%) 0.621 38,880 (98%) 76,418 (98%) 0.919
Race White 104 (46%) 370 (47%) 0.823 14,915 (37%) 30,57 (39%) <0.001
African American 110 (48%) 357 (46%) 19,230 (48%) 36,621 (47%)
Hispanic 12 (5.3%) 44 (5.6%) 2,973 (7.5%) 5,975 (7.6%)
Other 2 (0.9%) 13 (1.7%) 2,692 (6.8%) 5,102 (6.5%)
Comorbidities Alcohol abuse 48 (21%) 130 (17%) 0.138 6,408 (16%) 11,366 (15%) <0.001
Atrial fibrillation 1 (0.4%) 5 (0.6%) 1.000 307 (0.8%) 788 (1.0%) <0.001
CAD 6 (2.6%) 55 (7.0%) 0.011 1,416 (3.6%) 4,806 (6.1%) <0.001
Cancer 12 (5.3%) 17 (2.2%) 0.022 2,023 (5.1%) 2,537 (3.2%) <0.001
CHF 0 (0%) 7 (0.9%) 0.360 647 (1.6%) 1,292 (1.7%) 0.753
Cirrhosis 0 (0%) 2 (0.3%) 1.000 418 (1.1%) 472 (0.6%) <0.001
COPD 11 (4.8%) 33 (4.2%) 0.712 1,722 (4.3%) 3,096 (4.0%) 0.003
Depression, major 28 (12%) 85 (11%) 0.551 2,623 (6.6%) 4,540 (5.8%) <0.001
Diabetes 21 (9.2%) 85 (11%) 0.540 2,905 (7.3%) 9,555 (12%) <0.001
Drug abuse 53 (23%) 114 (15%) 0.003 7,431 (19%) 9,713 (12%) <0.001
Hepatitis B, chronic 6(2.6%) 4 (0.5%) 0.011 1,185 (3.0%) 298 (0.4%) <0.001
Hepatitis C 14 (6.1%) 24 (3.1%) 0.045 3,702 (9.3%) 2,330 (3.0%) <0.001
Hypertension 37 (16%)) 209 (27%) 0.001 6,983 (18%) 20,830 (27%) <0.001
Hyperlipidemia 8 (3.5%) 85 (11%) <0.001 2,298 (5.8%) 10,581 (14%) <0.001
Osteoarthritis 15 (6.6%) 109 (14%) 0.003 1,044 (2.6%) 5,271 (6.7%) <0.001
PTSD 16 (7.0%) 96 (12%) 0.030 1,880 (4.7%) 6,024 (7.7%) <0.001
PVD 2 (0.9%) 9 (1.2%) 1.000 410 (10%) 1,041 (1.3%) <0.001
Renal insufficiency 5 (2.2%) 4 (0.5%) 0.032 1,616 (4.1%) 1,321 (1.7%) <0.001
Schizophrenia 6 (2.6%) 26 (3.3%) 0.830 1,361 (3.4%) 4,854 (6.2%) <0.001
Stroke 2 (0.9%) 18 (2.3%) 0.277 626 (1.6%) 1,331 (1.7%) 0.106
TIA 0 (0%) 8 (1.0%) 0.210 75 (0.2%) 173 (0.2%) 0.254
cART 113 (50%) n/a n/a 20,884 (52%) n/a n/a
BMI, kg/m2 <18.5 14 (6.1%) 10 (1.3%) <0.001 2,450 (6.2%) 1,042 (1.3%) <0.001
18.5 – 24.9 122 (54%) 244 (31%) 19,712 (50%) 20,080 (26%)
25 – 29.9 62 (27%) 302 (38%) 12,528 (31%) 29,548 (38%)
>30 29 (13%) 228 (29%) 5,120 (13%) 27,585 (35%)
Hemoglobin, g/dl >12 183 (80%) 720 (92%) <0.001 30,475 (77%) 72,200 (92%) <0.001
10 – 12 33 (15%) 44 (5.7%) 6,359 (16%) 4,616 (6.0%)
<10 12 (5.1%) 20 (2.5%) 2,975 (7.5%) 1,439 (1.8%)
Albumin, g/dl ≥3.5 154 (668%) 663 (85%) <0.001 27,239 (68%) 68,835 (88%) <0.001
<3.5 74 (32%) 121 (15%) 12,571 (32%) 9,420 (12%)
CD4 cell count, cells/mm3 ≥ 500 74 (32%) n/a n/a 9,675 (24%) n/a n/a
350 – 499 47 (21%) n/a 7,256 (18%) n/a
200 – 349 50 (22%) n/a 8,591 (22%) n/a
50 – 199 35 (15%) n/a 8,772 (22%) n/a
<50 23 (10%) n/a 5,517 (14%) n/a
Viral load, copies/ml <500 81 (36%) n/a n/a 11,073 (28%) n/a n/a
≥ 500 147 (64%) n/a 28,737 (72%) n/a

SD = Standard deviation; CAD = Coronary artery disease; CHF = Congestive heart failure; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; PVD = peripheral vascular disease; TIA = Transient ischemic attack

cART = Combination anti-retroviral therapy

BMI = Body mass index