Table 2. Plasma levels of inflammation, angiogenic and coagulation markers from controls and cancer with and without deep vein thrombosis.
Abbreviations: DVT, deep vein thrombosis; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF- α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; CRP, C-reactive protein; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; TF, tissue factor; soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin). Significant differences among inflammatory, angiogenic and coagulation markers were evident in cancer patients with and without DVT compared to controls with further increments in DVT cancer patients. P value are given using analysis of variance (ANOVA test, in the case of three groups) or t-test (two groups).
| Controls (n = 100) | Cancers (n = 321) | Cancers DVT+ (n = 64) | Controls vs Cancers vs Cancer DVT+ | Cancers vs Cancer+DVT | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||
| Inflammation markers | |||||
| IL-6 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | 11.5 ± 3.9 | 16.7 ± 4.9 | p<0.01 | p<0.01 |
| TNF-α | 2.6 ±1.3 | 8.5 ± 3.7 | 10.6 ± 3.4 | p<0.01 | p<0.01 |
| IL-1β | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 5.5 ± 1.8 | 9.4 ± 2.5 | p<0.01 | p<0.01 |
| CRP | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | p<0.01 | p<0.01 |
| Angiogenesis markers | |||||
| MMP-9 | 43.0 ± 16.1 | 153.1 ± 50.5 | 204.3 ± 60.4 | p<0.01 | p<0.01 |
| VEGF | 60.1 ± 33.2 | 322.7 ± 125.1 | 439.3 ± 126.8 | p<0.01 | p<0.01 |
| Procoagulant markers | |||||
| Fibrinogen | 246.4 ± 47.2 | 404.2 ± 71.1 | 413.7 ± 87.7 | p<0.01 | p = 0.35 |
| TF | 30.4 ± 7.8 | 141.1 ± 34.0 | 184.5 ± 41.4 | p<0.01 | p<0.01 |
| sP-selectin | 36.4 ± 11.5 | 55.4 ± 22.5 | 75.8 ± 32.3 | p<0.01 | p<0.01 |