Table 2.

Reaching errors and performance at movement end point and peak velocity in Gain Generalization Protocol

	Targets [start position-target relative to trained target direction (°)]
Reach Training	S1-0	S1-45 CW	S1-45 CCW	S1-90 CCW
End-point distance errors, cm
Aligned cursor	1.02 (0.56)	−0.09 (0.40)	0.76 (0.54)	1.05 (0.32)
Cursor decrease	3.16 (0.51)	1.38 (0.57)	2.71 (0.48)	1.67 (0.52)
Cursor increase	−0.04 (0.49)	−0.70 (0.52)	0.15 (0.46)	0.58 (0.43)
Path length at peak velocity, cm
Aligned cursor	6.00 (0.22)	6.11 (0.43)	5.78 (0.11)	5.44 (0.24)
Cursor decrease	7.54 (0.29)	7.50 (0.47)	6.82 (0.26)	6.04 (0.30)
Cursor increase	5.57 (0.26)	5.96 (0.35)	5.90 (0.26)	5.72 (0.18)
Peak velocity, cm/s
Aligned cursor	23.97 (2.08)	22.22 (2.18)	23.16 (1.80)	24.87 (2.15)
Cursor decrease	29.38 (2.49)	27.71 (2.02)	28.74 (2.74)	30.74 (2.92)
Cursor increase	22.94 (2.22)	22.93 (2.41)	24.50 (2.20)	26.40 (2.36)

Values are mean (SE) reaching errors and performance at movement end point and peak velocity after reach training with an aligned cursor or misaligned visual feedback of the hand. Movement distance errors in the Gain Generalization Protocol are reported with respect to the target (positive value = overshot the target and negative value = undershot the target). As well, path length achieved at peak velocity and peak velocity are reported. Values are reported for each target, after subjects trained with the visual cursor (i.e., performance is shown in the first no-cursor reaching task completed).