Fig. 5.

Directional and Euclidean drift for all participants in experiment 1 for the No Proprioceptive Target condition. For left-right drift (top), positive indicates rightward and negative indicates leftward with respect to the target location. This is equivalent to constant error in the x-dimension. For near-far drift (middle), positive indicates farther from the participant and negative indicates nearer to the participant than the target. This is equivalent to constant error in the y-dimension. Euclidean drift (bottom) is the dimensionless distance of the effector from the target. Participants are indicated by letters A–H. For each participant, data were collapsed across the 3 target locations.