Cell-autonomous regulation of firing rate and mode in multiple thalamic nuclei. Thalamocortical neurons from multiple nuclei exhibit action potential firing-induced Vm hyperpolarization, firing rate inhibition, and firing mode switching from continuous tonic to transient with or without an initial high-frequency burst of 2 spikes at >100 Hz (see inset, top). A: lateral dorsal thalamocortical neuron (LDn) with 80-pA depolarizing current injections. B: CM thalamocortical neuron with 75-pA current injections. C: ventral posterior lateral (VPL) thalamocortical neuron with 140-pA current injections. D: medial dorsal, central division (MDc) thalamocortical neuron with 400-pA current injections. Examples are representative of 3–5 cells each. Insets: traces, early and late in firing protocol. In all traces, a line marks the baseline resting Vm prior to and during stimulation.