Figure 9.

Action of low Cl⁻ on lysosomal function. (1) lowered Cl⁻ concentration of extracellular space ([Cl⁻]_e) decreases [Cl⁻]_c ([Cl⁻]_e↓ → [Cl⁻]_c↓); (2) lowered [Cl⁻]_c diminishes activity of ClC-7 ([Cl⁻]_c↓ → ClC-7↓); (3) lowered activity of ClC-7 decreases [Cl⁻]_lys (ClC-7↓ → [Cl⁻]_lys↓); (4) both lowered ClC-7 activity and [Cl⁻]_lys elevate the amount of positive charges remaining in intra-lysosomal space (ClC-7↓/[Cl⁻]_lys↓ → positive charges in lysosome↑); (5) elevation of amount of positive charges remaining in intra-lysosomal space diminishes transporting activity V-ATPase (V-type H⁺-ATPase) via an increase in electrical barrier for V-ATPase transporting a positive charge against the electrical barrier across the lysosomal membrane (positive charges in lysosome↑ → V-ATPase↓); (6) lowered activity of V-ATPase induces an increase in pH_lys (a decrease in H⁺ concentration intra-lysosomal space; V-ATPase↓ → pH_lys↑) and (7) lowered pH_lys disturbs autophagy function (V-ATPase↓ → autophagy↓).