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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: PM R. 2015 Feb 4;7(7):711–718. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.020

Table 1. Descriptive Variables.

Characteristics Active Subjects
N %
Gender
Male 23 41.1
Female 33 58.9
Age
Mean 35.8 yr (20-62)
Pain Distribution
Bilateral 42 75
Unilateral (Right/Left) 9/5 16.1/8.9
Pain Duration
<3years 21 37.5
>3 years 35 62.5
Use of Medication
Analgesics 37 66
Mood 11 19.6
Sleep 1 1.8
Opioids/Narcotics 0 0
Supplements/Vitamins 30 53.6
Use of Non-Pharmacologica Treatment
Exercise 43 76.6
Physical Modalities (heat, cold, electrical stimulation) 32 57
Massage 17 30
Chiropractic 8 14