Table 3. Baseline and Follow-up Characteristics: Physical Findings, Pain and Self Reported Outcomes (Mean ± SD).
| Characteristic | n | Baseline | Follow-up | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Findings | ||||
| Cervical ROM Extension (degrees) | 51 | 73.8 ± 12.8 | 74.3 ± 12.0 | .741 |
| Cervical ROM Flexion (degrees) | 51 | 55.2 ± 11.0 | 57.1 ± 8.3 | .192 |
| Rotation Asymmetry Unilateral (degrees) | 27 | 8.1 ± 6.3 | 3.1 ± 5.4 | .001 |
| Rotation Asymmetry Bilateral (degrees) | 24 | 5.4 ± 4.4 | 2.4 ± 3.2 | .021 |
| Side Bending Unilateral (degrees) | 27 | 5.6 ± 3.8 | 2.7 ± 2.9 | .001 |
| Side Bending Bilateral (degrees) | 24 | 5.5 ± 6.4 | 3.1 ± 3.2 | .109 |
| PPT Treated Site Unilateral (pounds) | 27 | 7.6 ± 3.3 | 9.4 ± 3.7 | .006 |
| PPT Treated Site Bilateral (pounds) | 24 | 6.7 ± 3.0 | 8.4 ± 3.1 | .012 |
| Pain (scores) | ||||
| BPI | 49 | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | <.001 |
| VAS Treated Side Unilateral | 27 | 3.5 ± 2.4 | 0.9 ± 1.3 | <.001 |
| VAS Treated Side Bilateral | 25 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | <.001 |
| VAS Untreated Side Unilateral | 27 | 1.0 ± 1.9 | 0.4 ± 1.1 | .203 |
| VAS Untreated Side Bilateral | 25 | 2.6 ± 1.2 | 0.9 ± 1.2 | <.001 |
| SF36 Pain | 50 | 62.5 ± 18.4 | 69.3 ± 16.5 | .002 |
| Self Reported Outcomes | ||||
| POMS Confusion | 49 | 0.28 ± 0.39 | 0.23 ± 0.35 | .418 |
| POMS Depression | 49 | 0.11 ± 0.23 | 0.07 ± 0.18 | .151 |
| POMS Fatigue | 49 | 0.77 ± 0.81 | 0.54 ± 0.69 | .056 |
| POMS Tension | 49 | 0.47 ± 0.50 | 0.28 ± 0.33 | .012 |
| POMS Mood | 49 | 0.29 ± 1.91 | -0.38 ± 1.79 | .013 |
| POMS Vigor | 49 | 1.49 ± 0.94 | 1.58 ± 0.93 | .261 |
| POMS Anger | 49 | 0.15 ± 0.35 | 0.08 ± 0.27 | .12 |
| SF36 General Health | 50 | 76.9 ± 19.1 | 76.8 ± 18.6 | .913 |
| SF36 Mental Health | 50 | 75.9 ± 11.8 | 79.1 ± 11.4 | .017 |
| SF36 Physical Functioning | 50 | 88.5 ± 14.3 | 91.4 ± 11.3 | .03 |
| SF36 Emotional | 50 | 83.4 ± 21.5 | 88.8 ± 16.3 | .051 |
| SF36 Physical Role | 50 | 85.1 ± 17.0 | 86.9 ± 16.7 | .471 |
| SF36 Social Functioning | 50 | 87.8 ± 16.9 | 89.7 ± 15.9 | .253 |
| SF36 Vitality | 50 | 58.7 ± 17.0 | 60.7 ± 16.9 | .258 |
| Oswestry Disability Score | 50 | 10.8±6.0 | 8.5 ± 7.1 | .004 |
Abbreviations: BPI, brief pain inventory; PPT, pressure pain threshold; POMS, profile of mood states; ROM, range of motion; SF-36, short form 36; VAS, verbal analogue scale.