Figure 2.

Risk of Incident HF for Low-Risk Lifestyle Factors in Major Subgroups of Older Adults (n = 4,490)

Low-risk lifestyle factors included healthy diet pattern (upper 3 quintiles), walking pace ≥2 mph, leisure activity ≥850 kcal/week, no current smoking, ≥1 drink/week of alcohol intake, and a body mass index <30 kg/m². Multivariate models for each lifestyle factor were adjusted for age (years), sex (male vs. female), race (Caucasian vs. non-Caucasian), enrollment site (4 clinics), education (less than high school, high school, more than high school), annual income (<$25,000, $25,000 to $49,999, >$50,000) and mutually adjusted for other lifestyle factors in the figure. None of the differences were significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. CHD = coronary heart disease; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.