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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Future Virol. 2015 Apr;10(4):383–397. doi: 10.2217/fvl.15.18

Figure 1. DNA double-strand break repair pathways.

Figure 1

In response to double-strand breaks, DNA can be repaired by one of four major pathways: C-NHEJ, MMEJ, SSA and HR. HR, SSA and MMEJ are homology-directed forms of repair; whereas, C-NHEJ does not require homology. Double-strand breaks arising at replication forks can also be repaired by synthesis-dependent strand annealing and break-induced repair mechanisms via ATR-CHK1 signaling (not shown in figure).

C-NHEJ: Classic nonhomologous end joining; HR: Homologous recombination;

MMEJ: Microhomology-mediated end joining; SSA: Single strand annealing.