Table 1.
Literature review table
| Author (yr) | Age | Sex | Fistula side/type | Complications of angiography | Treatment | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Halbach et al. (1990)16) | 19 y/o | N/A | (–)/direct | (Cerebral angiography) Transfemoral→unsuccessful (excessive tortuous) Carotid puncture→massive hematoma |
Direct surgical ligation | Good (spontaneously closed) |
| 22 y/o | F | Lt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) Transfemoral→massive external hemorrhage (puncture site) |
1st TVE (silicon balloon) | Improve | |
| 2nd TVE (balloon) | Dead (POD4) fatal pontine hemorrhage | |||||
| 24 y/o | N/A | Rt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) Transfemoral→iliac artery dissection→graft repair |
Direct surgical repair | Visual loss, opthalmoplegia | |
| 39 y/o | F | Lt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) N/A | 1st TAE | Initial improvement (recurrence) | |
| 2nd TAE | Unsuccessful | |||||
| 3rd TAE (liquid) | Good | |||||
| 49 y/o | F | Rt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) N/A | TAE | Good (asymptomatic iliac dissection) | |
| Schievink et al. (1991)8) | 17 y/o | F | Lt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) Direct carotid puncture→large hematoma |
ICA ligation | Good |
| 20 y/o | N/A | Rt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) Transfemoral→large hematoma (puncture site) |
Rt ICA embolization | Fail (tortuous) | |
| Rt carotid puncture | Bleeding→CPA (common carotid clamp) | |||||
| Debrun et al. (1995)18) | 39 y/o | F | Rt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) N/A | TAE (balloon) | Recurrence (ICO) |
| 39 y/o | F | Lt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) N/A | TAE (balloon) | Good | |
| Bashir et al. (1999)23) | 53 y/o | F | Lt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) N/A | TVE (coil) | Dead (haemothorax, abdominal aortic rupture) |
| Chuman et al. (2002)24) | 57 y/o | M | Lt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) Multiple AN (abdomen-pelvis)→ dissection, groin hematoma |
TVE | Good (POD3 colon rupture→colostomy) |
| Mitsuhashi et al. (2004)14) | 30 y/o | F | Rt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) Rt femoral artery rupture→retroperitoneal bleeding |
Extracranial ligation | Good (watershed infarction) |
| Desal et al. (2005)17) | 48 y/o | F | Lt/direct | (Cerebral angiography) N/A | TAE (balloon×→ coil) | Dead (POD7) lt frontal hematoma |
CPA: cardio pulmonary arrest, F: female, ICA: internal carotid artery, ICO: internal carotid artery occlusion, M: male, N/A: not available, POD: postoperative day, TAE: transarterial embolization, TVE: transvenous embolization, y/o: years old.