Figure 3.

Metformin and cisplatin influence the protein expression levels in bladder cancer cells in vitro. Whole cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting using the indicated antibodies. The data exhibited are representative of three independent experiments. 1, control group; 2, cisplatin alone (2 µM) treatment group; 3, metformin alone (0.5 µM) treatment group; 4, metformin and cisplatin co-treatment group. mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; AMPK, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; p-, phosphorylated.