Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics and neuropsychological testing
| Control Group (n = 14) | Treatment Group (n = 13) | Baseline | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Baseline | 3-months | Baseline | 3-months | T-value (χ2) | P-value | |
| Gender (M/F) | 4/10 | 8/5 | 2.967 | 0.128 | ||
| Age (years) | 64.93±6.75 | 67.92±8.38 | -1.007 | 0.324 | ||
| Education (years) | 10.15±3.95 | 12.09±3.47 | -1.262 | 0.220 | ||
| Hypertension (%) | 8 (57.1%) | 9 (69.2%) | 0.422 | 0.516 | ||
| Alcohol Addiction | - | - | - | - | ||
| Smoking | - | - | - | - | ||
| non/past/current | 12/0/2 | 9/0/4 | 1.060 | 0.303 | ||
| General mental status | ||||||
| MMSE | 26.57±2.44 | 26.21±2.45 | 27.31±2.56 | 27.46±1.71 | 1.34 | 0.194 |
| Memory | ||||||
| AVLT delayed recall | 4.29±2.30 | 4.93±1.94 | 5.38±2.56 | 5.77±2.35 | 0.43 | 0.668 |
| AVLT-T | 28.14±7.22 | 25.57±6.39 | 28.15±10.47 | 31.85±9.19 | 2.54 | 0.018* |
| ROCF delayed recall | 10.00±5.21 | 10.54±4.63 | 12.69±6.18 | 17.62±6.87 | 2.70 | 0.013* |
| Digit Span | 10.43±1.78 | 10.00±1.75 | 11.38±2.18 | 10.62±2.46 | 0.35 | 0.729 |
| Spatial Processing | ||||||
| ROCF-copy | 28.46±10.32 | 30.62±7.78 | 34.31±1.49 | 34.08±1.75 | 0.27 | 0.791 |
| CDT | 22.36±4.51 | 24.21±3.70 | 26.33±2.64 | 26.08±9.17 | -0.33 | 0.745 |
| Attention | ||||||
| SCWT-A-time | 49.07±23.96 | 37.93±13.67 | 32.88±8.99 | 34.00±10.55 | 0.31 | 0.756 |
| SDMT | 24.50±8.14 | 21.69±8.28 | 28.46±12.50 | 30.25±15.07 | 1.80 | 0.087 |
| Executive Function | ||||||
| SCWT-B-time | 51.93±16.48 | 47.57±18.05 | 43.38±17.48 | 44.15±18.28 | 0.38 | 0.709 |
| SCWT-C-time | 83.71±35.20 | 89.50±25.08 | 89.85±23.06 | 89.00±26.14 | -0.45 | 0.659 |
| SCWT-C-Right | 44.93±11.08 | 40.36±7.85 | 40.77±9.52 | 43.31±7.13 | 1.19 | 0.245 |
| Language ability | ||||||
| BNT | 22.57±3.41 | 23.07±3.33 | 23.07±3.08 | 23.42±3.57 | -0.15 | 0.885 |
| CVFT | 39.57±11.56 | 37.71±10.57 | 45.54±13.75 | 41.62±15.26 | -0.11 | 0.917 |
Note: Continuous variables were summarized as means and standard deviations and categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and proportions. The demographic data were analyzed using two-sample t-test or chi-square test. The neuropsychological characteristics were analyzed using one-way ANCOVA, considering the baseline value as the covariate,
*
P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.