Kidney functional recovery and structural repair using human AD-MSCs in animals with acute kidney injury (AKI). (A) Renal function was assessed daily by the levels of BUN, serum Ccr, urinary mALB and β2 mG. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). *P<0.01 and **P<0.005, cisplatin + saline group vs. cisplatin + AD-MSCs group. (B) Representative images from H&E and PAS staining of the kidney sections from the healthy control, cisplatin + saline and cisplatin + human AD-MSCs groups (magnification, × 200). (C) Histopathological scoring of cisplatin-induced kidney tubular injury, as indicated with tubular necrosis, cast formation, loss of brush border and intratubular debris. Histopathological scoring was based on the percentage of affected tubules in the kidney sections. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. **P<0.005, between indicated groups. AD-MSCs, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Ccr, creatinine clearance rate; mALB, microalbumin; β2 mG, microglobulin; U, urinary; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; PAS, periodic acid-Schiff.