Table 3.
Targeted and chemical agents that induced autophagy via the STAT3 pathway
| Agent | Target gene | Tumor type | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sorafenib | KDR, PDGFRB, RAF | Prostate cancer, Glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma | Downregulation of pSTAT3 and MCL1 expression | 42,74,75 |
| Crizotinib | ALK fusion gene | anaplastic large cell lymphoma | Downregulation of pSTAT3 and BCL2 family | 76 |
| Stattic | STAT3 | Osteosarcoma | Blockage of the interaction between cytoplasmic STAT3 and EIF2AK2 | 14 |
| Cucurbitacin I | JAK2 | Glioblastoma | Downregulation of pSTAT3 and HIF1A | 50 |
| Metformin | PRKAA2? | esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Downregulation of pSTAT3 and BCL2 | 41 |
| Cucurbitacin B (CuB) | ? | melanoma | Downregulation of pSTAT3 and BCL2 | 77 |
| Nexrutine | STAT3? | pancreatic cancer | Modulation of STAT3 and decrease of ROS generation | 78 |
| Obatoclax | PTPN6 | hepatocellular carcinoma | Downregulation of pSTAT3 and MCL1 | 79,80 |
| Niclosamide | ? | myeloma | Inhibition of pSTAT3 and upregulation of autophagy | 81 |
| Arsenic trioxide | STAT3? | Glioblastoma | Inhibition of pSTAT3 and upregulation of autophagy | 82 |
| Concanavalin A | MMP14 | Glioblastoma | Upregulation of pSTAT3 and BNIP3 | 83 |