Table 2.
Post-matched health outcome differences for schizophrenia caregivers vs. non-caregiver controls
| Total | Non-caregiver | Schizophrenia caregiver for adult relative | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 1,194) | (N = 796) | (N = 398) | ||
| PHQ-9 scalea | <0.001 | |||
| Minimal (%) | 386 (32.33 %) | 307 (38.57 %) | 79 (19.85 %) | |
| Mild (%) | 221 (18.51 %) | 137 (17.21 %) | 84 (21.11 %) | |
| Moderate (%) | 106 (8.88 %) | 59 (7.41 %) | 47 (11.81 %) | |
| Moderately Severe (%) | 56 (4.69 %) | 30 (3.77 %) | 26 (6.53 %) | |
| Severe (%) | 39 (3.27 %) | 13 (1.63 %) | 26 (6.53 %) | |
| Currently using a prescription medication for depression (%) | 135 (11.31 %) | 65 (8.17 %) | 70 (17.59 %) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities experienced in the past 12 months | ||||
| Narcolepsy (%) | 10 (0.84 %) | 4 (0.50 %) | 6 (1.51 %) | 0.072 |
| Insomnia (%) | 276 (23.12 %) | 147 (18.47 %) | 129 (32.41 %) | <0.001 |
| Sleep difficulties (%) | 397 (33.25 %) | 227 (28.52 %) | 170 (42.71 %) | <0.001 |
| Pain (%) | 400 (33.50 %) | 242 (30.40 %) | 158 (39.70 %) | 0.001 |
| Anxiety (%) | 339 (28.39 %) | 188 (23.62 %) | 151 (37.94 %) | <0.001 |
| Depression (%) | 271 (22.70 %) | 154 (19.35 %) | 117 (29.40 %) | <0.001 |
| Heartburn (%) | 308 (25.80 %) | 182 (22.86 %) | 126 (31.66 %) | 0.001 |
| Migraines (%) | 284 (23.79 %) | 178 (22.36 %) | 106 (26.63 %) | 0.102 |
| Headaches (%) | 525 (43.97 %) | 334 (41.96 %) | 191 (47.99 %) | 0.048 |
| Mental component summary | <0.001 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 44.01 ± 11.15 | 45.88 ± 10.87 | 40.25 ± 10.75 | |
| Physical component summary | <0.001 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 48.23 ± 9.98 | 48.96 ± 9.79 | 46.77 ± 10.20 | |
| Health utility | <0.001 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 0.69 ± 0.13 | 0.71 ± 0.13 | 0.64 ± 0.12 |
aOnly available for 2011 and 2013 NHWS respondents (546 non-caregivers, 262 schizophrenia caregivers); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 = PHQ-9