. 2015 Jul 16;10:4549–4563. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S84398

Table 3.

Histological analysis and biomechanical test parameters of the four different surfaces (n=10)

Parameters	BIC (%)	MAR (µm/day)	Maximal pull-out force (N)
Groups	BIC (%)	MAR (µm/day)	Maximal pull-out force (N)
ST	39.70±6.00	1.6±0.45	108.9±46.50
MT	57.60±7.79^**	2.32±0.59^**	176.4±47.85^**
NT-Sr	46.10±5.51^##	2.92±0.58^**,^#	136.9±21.65
MNT-Sr	70.38±8.61^**,^##,^††	3.66±0.62^**,^##,^††	231.4±67.66^**,^#,^††

Notes:

^**

P<0.01 compared with ST;

P<0.05 and

^##

P<0.01 compared with MT; and

^††

P<0.01 compared with NT-Sr.

Abbreviations: BIC, bone–implant contact; MAR, mineral apposition ratio; MNT-Sr, micro/nanorough strontium-loaded Ti; MT, micro titanium surface; NT-Sr, nano strontium-containing titanium surface; ST, smooth titanium surface.