Table 1. Summary of comorbid conditions associated with poor asthma outcomes in adults and the elderly.
| Comorbid condition | Outcomes of asthma |
|---|---|
| General comorbidity burden | Impaired asthma-related quality of life53 |
| Unscheduled asthma care13 | |
| Emergency department visit11 | |
| Frequent hospitalization12 | |
| 30-day fatality after asthma hospitalization54 | |
| Rhinosinusitis and/or nasal polyp | Severity55,56,57 |
| SE-IgE sensitization | Severity58 |
| Obesity | Symptom frequency and activity28,60 |
| Asthma-related costs64 | |
| Severity (controversial)57,61 | |
| Smoking | Asthma-related quality of life66 |
| Poor asthma control66 | |
| Frequent exacerbation16,66 | |
| Frequent hospitalization66 | |
| Asthma-related mortality66 | |
| Fixed airway obstruction66,67 | |
| COPD overlap, or reduced FEV1 | Poor asthma control70 |
| Frequent exacerbation16 | |
| Depression | Poor medication adherence72 |
| Frequent exacerbation73 |
SE-IgE, staphylococcal enterotoxin IgE; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second.