Table 4.
Key Characteristics and Adolescent Early Sexual Behavior by Cocaine Status and Placement at Age 12
| PCE | PCE | NCE | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biological/relative | Non-kinship adoptive/foster | |||
|
|
|
|
||
|
n = 137
|
n = 43
|
n = 174
|
p | |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | ||
| PCE, units per week | 21.40 (36.67) | 28.35 (43.68) | --- | .23 |
| WISC-IV Full Scale IQ at age 11 | 85.04 (11.59) | 83.49 (11.05) | 86.01 (14.53) | .50 |
| Number of placement changes by 12 year | 1.35 (1.52) | 2.70 (2.58) | 0.60 (1.26) | <.0011,2,3 |
| Range (5%tile – 95%tile) | 0 – 4 | 1 – 8 | 0 – 3 | |
| Key covariates | ||||
| Birth maternal age | 29.50 (5.07) | 30.30 (4.71) | 25.41 (4.77) | <.0012,3 |
| Biological mother’s GSI | 0.79 (0.76) | 0.86 (0.66) | 0.51 (0.54) | <.0012,3 |
| Prenatal alcohol exposure, average | 10.60 (10.24) | 14.63 (13.26) | 3.88 (7.20) | <.0012,3 |
| Prenatal cigarette exposure, average, | 8.74 (5.29) | 13.52 (24.29) | 1.41 (4.70) | <.0012,3 |
| Prenatal marijuana exposure, 3rd trimester | 1.34 (3.22) | 1.49 (4.44) | 0.49 (3.17) | <.0012,3 |
| HOME score | 47.02 (6.70) | 50.76 (6.57) | 49.22 (6.25) | <.0011,2 |
| Caregiver PPVT-III standard score | 76.84 (13.60) | 91.45 (14.67) | 80.11 (15.57) | <.0011,2 |
| Caregiver education | 11.73 (2.10) | 13.17 (3.07) | 12.76 (1.90) | <.0011,2 |
| Caregiver alcohol, dose per week | 1.79 (4.21) | 0.39 (1.32) | 1.78 (5.61) | .0491 |
| Caregiver tobacco, cigarettes per day | 6.57 (7.92) | 0.76 (2.33) | 3.82 (6.68) | <.0011,2,3 |
| Parental attachment | 2.11 (0.66) | 2.15 (0.73) | 2.27 (0.61) | .09 |
| Parental monitoring | 2.45 (0.62) | 2.32 (0.74) | 2.49 (0.57) | .34 |
| Family conflict | 3.14 (2.47) | 3.38 (2.65) | 2.58 (2.39) | .08 |
| Violence exposure | 0.66 (0.77) | 0.43 (0.66) | 0.56 (0.79) | .17 |
| Pubertal development | 1.23 (0.55) | 1.43 (0.60) | 1.24 (0.56) | .32 |
| Blood lead level at 2 and/or 4 yearsa | 7.38 (4.18) | 5.34 (3.45) | 8.04 (4.71) | .011,3 |
| Elevated lead (≥ 10 μg/dL)a, n (%) | 24 (20.87) | 1 (3.85) | 36 (26.67) | .0043 |
| YSR Externalizing behavior | 49.60 (9.89) | 54.67 (9.99) | 47.59 (9.69) | .0011,3 |
| Early Sexual Intercourse, adjusted % (se)b | 41.9 (5.32) | 29.4 (9.68) | 22.7 (3.79) | .022 |
a
Sub-sample of 120 PCE biological/relative, 27 PCE adoptive/foster, and 142 NCE.
b
Adjusted for the same covariates from Table 2.
1
Significant (p <.05) difference between PCE biological mother/relative vs. PCE non-kinship adoptive/foster care
2
Significant (p <.05) difference between PCE biological mother/relative vs. NCE
3
Significant (p <.05) difference between PCE non-kinship adoptive foster care vs. NCE