Altered diurnal feeding rhythms in Pdx1-Cre:Vgatflox/flox mice. A, Hourly food intake for 2 d measured in 4-week-old Vgatflox/flox and Pdx1-Cre:Vgatflox/flox mice. B, Ghrelin levels measured in blood obtained at 9:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M. of indicated genotypes at the age of 7–8 weeks. C, Energy expenditure measured by CLAMS for 2 d in 4-week-old mice. D, Movement counts from a representative 8-week-old Vgatflox/flox and Pdx1-Cre:Vgatflox/flox mouse measured from beam breaks of CLAMS. D and L, dark and light periods respectively. E, Averaged movement counts measured at the age of 7–8 weeks of age by an E-mitter system. F, Real-time body temperature measurement (every minute) at the age of 7–8 weeks of age using an E-mitter system. All data presented as mean ± SEM; n = 5–8 in A and B, n = 6 in C, and n = 5–7 in E and F; *p < 0.05, Student's t tests.