Table 1. Cardiovascular, anthropometric and body composition characteristics.
| C | SA | SEA | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 21 ± 0.4 | 21 ± 0.4 | 20 ± 0.3 | .320 |
| Birthweight (kg) | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | .287 |
| RHR (bpm) | 72 ± 2 | 74 ± 2 | 74 ± 2 | .707 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 111 ± 2 | 109 ± 2 | 105 ± 2 | .123 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 69 ± 1 | 69 ± 1 | 66 ± 1 | .158 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 83 ± 1 | 83 ± 1 | 79 ± 1 | .089 |
| Height (cm) | 181 ± 2(M)167 ± 2 (F) | 174 ± 2*(M)162 ± 2* (F) | 172 ± 2*(M)160 ± 1* (F) | .001.005 |
| Weight (kg) | 76 ± 2(M)59 ± 1(F) | 69 ± 2(M)56 ± 2(F) | 66 ± 2* (M) 52 ± 1*(F) | .006.004 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23 ± 0.6(M)21 ± 0.5(F) | 23 ± 0.4(M)21 ± 0.7(F) | 22 ± 0.4(M)20 ± 0.4(F) | .593.206 |
| Waist (cm) | 77 ± 1(M)69 ± 1(F) | 75 ± 1(M)68 ± 2(F) | 74 ± 1(M)66 ± 1(F) | .211.199 |
| Hip (cm) | 95 ± 2(M)98 ± 1(F) | 93 ± 2(M)95 ± 2(F) | 91 ± 2(M)88 ± 1* #(F) | .238.000 |
| Waist-hip ratio | 0.8 ± 0.01(M)0.7 ± 0.01(F) | 0.8 ± 0.01(M)0.72 ± 0.01(F) | 0.81 ± 0.01(M)0.74 ± 0.01*(F) | .891.016 |
| Waist-height ratio | 0.42 ± 0.01(M)0.41 ± 0.007(F) | 0.43 ± 0.01(M) 0.42 ± 0.008(F) | 0.43 ± 0.005(M)0.41 ± 0.005(F) | .732.419 |
| Biceps (mm) | 6 ± 1(M)12 ± 2(F) | 5 ± 0.5(M)13 ± 1(F) | 7 ± 1(M)9 ± 1(F) | .136.111 |
| Triceps (mm) | 9 ± 1(M)18 ± 1(F) | 11 ± 1(M)20 ± 1(F) | 13 ± 1(M) 17 ± 1(F) | .090.296 |
| Subscapular (mm) | 11 ± 1(M)12 ± 1(F) | 16 ± 1* (M)15 ± 1(F) | 15 ± 1* (M)14 ± 1(F) | .002.184 |
| Suprailliac (mm) | 17 ± 3(M)15 ± 1(F) | 24 ± 3(M) 16 ± 1(F) | 18 ± 1(M)16 ± 1(F) | .083.797 |
| Abdominal (mm) | 15 ± 2(M)18 ± 1(F) | 23 ± 2* (M)20 ± 2(F) | 17 ± 2(M)18 ± 1(F) | .032.373 |
| % BF (skinfolds) | 16 ± 1(M) 28 ± 1(F) | 22 ± 3(M)30 ± 1(F) | 19 ± 1(M)28 ± 0.6(F) | .078.416 |
| % BF (Tanita) | 15± 1(M)27 ± 1(F) | 17 ± 1(M)27 ± 2(F) | 15 ± 1(M)18 ± 1* #(F) | .276.000 |
| Day of cycle | 17 ± 2 | 14 ± 2 | 16 ± 2 | .712 |
| Length of cycle (days) | 30 ± 1 | 31 ± 2 | 33 ± 2 | .615 |
Data are mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).
* is significantly different from C
# is significantly different from SA, P≤.05, ANOVA, Tukey (post-hoc). RHR: resting heart rate; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; MAP: mean arterial pressure; BMI: body mass index; %BF: percent body fat; M: male; F: female.