Table 2. Antibacterial activity of GIC and GIC incorporated with 3% and 5% (w/w) TiO2 nanopowder against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35668).
| Cement | GroupƟ | n | Inhibit halos (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Core shade base cement (Gray) | Conventional GIC* | 18 | None |
| GIC-3% (w/w) TiO2 | 18 | None | |
| GIC-5% (w/w) TiO2 | 18 | None | |
| Base cement (Yellow) | Conventional GIC | 18 | None |
| GIC-3% (w/w) TiO2 | 18 | None | |
| GIC-5% (w/w) TiO2 | 18 | None | |
| FX-II Enhanced restoration (A2) | Conventional GIC | 18 | 0.92±0.22a |
| GIC-3% (w/w) TiO2 | 18 | 2.11±0.82b | |
| GIC-5% (w/w) TiO2 | 18 | 1.53±0.79b |
* GIC: Glass ionomer cement.
Ɵ TiO2: Titanium dioxide nanopowder.
Mean values for each cement group with the same superscript letter (column) are not significantly different (p>0.05), while mean values with different letters are significantly different (p<0.001) (Mann-Whitney test).