Fig. 3.

Lf upregulates BDNF gene expression levels and downstream signal transduction in the hippocampus of postnatal piglets: a mRNA transcriptional level of BDNF in the Lf-treated group (qPCR method); b protein abundance levels encoding for BDNF in the Lf-treated group (ELISA method); c phosphorylation of the transcriptional factor, CREB, was analyzed by Western blotting using antibodies specific for recognizing phosphorylated CREB, total CREB, and GAPDH, respectively; d–f quantitative Western blot analysis of d phosphorylation of CREB, e phosphorylated CREB, and f total CREB expression in the Lf-treated group (n = 7) vs. the control group (n = 7). Data is mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05