Table 3.
Goodness-of-fit indices for the multigroup model by gender (n = 1,846)
| Model | X2 | df | RMSEA | CFI | Δχ2 | Δdf | Significant ΔX2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test 1: fully invariant by gender | 4,284.943 | 2,058 | 0.034 | 0.907 | |||
| Test 2: gender-invariant constraint released on construct | 4,183.417 | 2,006 | 0.034 | 0.909 | 101.526 | 52 | Yes |
| Test 3: gender constraint released on acculturation → depressive symptoms | 4,284.796 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.147 | 1 | No |
| Test 4: gender constraint released on enculturation → depressive symptoms | 4,283.509 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 1.434 | 1 | No |
| Test 5: gender constraint released on acculturation → family conflict | 4,284.255 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.688 | 1 | No |
| Test 6: gender constraint released on enculturation → family conflict | 4,284.274 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.669 | 1 | No |
| Test 7: gender constraint released on acculturation → family cohesion | 4,284.579 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.364 | 1 | No |
| Test 8: gender constraint released on enculturation → family cohesion | 4,281.733 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 3.21 | 1 | p = 0.073 |
| Test 9: gender constraint released on acculturation → familismo | 4,283.007 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 1.936 | 1 | No |
| Test 10: gender constraint released on enculturation → familismo | 4,283.564 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 1.379 | 1 | No |
| Test 11: gender constraint released on acculturation → respeto | 4,284.098 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.845 | 1 | No |
| Test 12: gender constraint released on enculturation → respeto | 4,284.927 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.016 | 1 | No |
| Test 13: gender constraint released on acculturation → gender roles | 4,283.828 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 1.115 | 1 | No |
| Test 14: gender constraint released on enculturation → gender roles | 4,284.806 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.137 | 1 | No |
| Test 15: gender constraint released on acculturation → fatalismo | 4,282.899 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 2.044 | 1 | No |
| Test 16: gender constraint released on enculturation → fatalismo | 4,284.856 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.087 | 1 | No |
| Test 17: gender constraint released on familismo → family conflict | 4,279.689 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 5.254 | 1 | Yes |
| Test 18: gender constraint released on respeto → family conflict | 4,276.840 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 8.103 | 1 | Yes |
| Test 19: gender constraint released on gender roles → family conflict | 4,282.217 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 2.726 | 1 | No |
| Test 20: gender constraint released on fatalismo → family conflict | 4,284.183 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.760 | 1 | No |
| Test 21: gender constraint released on familismo → family cohesion | 4,272.508 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 12.435 | 1 | Yes |
| Test 22: gender constraint released on respeto → family cohesion | 4,270.975 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 13.968 | 1 | Yes |
| Test 23: gender constraint released on gender roles → family cohesion | 4,279.779 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 5.164 | 1 | Yes |
| Test 24: gender constraint released on fatalismo → family cohesion | 4,283.437 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 1.506 | 1 | No |
| Test 25: gender constraint released on family conflict → depressive symptoms | 4,280.861 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 4.082 | 1 | Yes |
| Test 26: gender constraint released on family cohesion → depressive symptoms | 4,284.534 | 2,057 | 0.034 | 0.907 | 0.409 | 1 | No |
| Test 27: gender constraint released on enculturation → family cohesion; familismo → family cohesion; respeto → family cohesion; gender roles → family cohesion; familismo → family conflict; respeto → family conflict.; family conflict → depressive symptoms | 4,235.181 | 2,050 | 0.034 | 0.908 | 49.76 | 8 | Yes |
We lost 46 participants in the multi-group analysis due to missing data on youth’s gender