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Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) could be involved in the development of insulin resistance. The elevated BCAAs are able to activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream effector S6 kinase in the liver, muscle and adipose tissue. Persistent S6 kinase activation leads to serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS–1) and therefore the inhibition of IRS-1. This could result in insulin resistance.
