Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies of circulating adiponectin and prediabetes
| Study (year) | Region | Study design | Blood sample | Method | Sample size | Sex | Age (years) | BMI (kg/m2) | Adiponectin (μg/mL) | HOMA-IR ratio | NOS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | PD | Male | Female | Control | PD | Control | PD | ||||||||
| Christian (2001)32 | Asia | Case–control | Plasma | ELISA | 79 | 25 | 76 | 28 | 27 ± 6 | 31 ± 8 | >30 | 7.5 ± 2.7 | 6.1 ± 2.0 | NR | 8 |
| Nobert (2003)28 | Asia | Case–control | Plasma | ELISA | 94 | 33 | 93 | 34 | 28 ± 7 | 33 ± 8 | NA | 7.05 ± 2.70 | 5.44 ± 2.23 | NR | 7 |
| Alice (2003)26 | USA | Case–control | Plasma | RIA | 108 | 18 | 0 | 126 | 46.7 ± 1.5 | 56.1 ± 1.8 | 25–30 | 6.18 ± 0.67 | 2.78 ± 0.78 | NR | 6 |
| Chamukuttan (2003)27 | Asia | Cohort | Plasma | RIA | 50 | 32 | 73 | 68 | 45.7 ± 11.3 | 44.2 ± 5.3 | 25–30 | 14.9 ± 5.9 | 15.2 ± 7.5 | NR | 7 |
| Kwame (2005)22 | USA | Case–control | Serum | ELISA | 19 | 8 | 4 | 23 | 49.1 ± 7.86 | 51.0 ± 9.3 | >30 | 9.61 ± 5.09 | 10.42 ± 6.89 | 1.71 | 8 |
| Munehide (2007)21 | Asia | Case–control | Serum | Others | 23 | 5 | NR | NR | 49.7 ± 10.2 | 43.2 ± 19.8 | 25–30 | 5.8 ± 2.2 | 6.8 ± 3.3 | NR | 6 |
| Carl (2006)16 | Europe | Case–control | Serum | ELISA | 97 | 201 | 0 | 298 | 64 | 64 | 25–30 | 15.1 ± 6.3 | 12.9 ± 6.6 | 1.34 | 6 |
| Sang (2007)25 | Asia | Case–control | Plasma | RIA | 36 | 49 | 35 | 50 | 47.5 ± 13.6 | 53.0 ± 9.7 | <25 | 5.20 ± 2.87 | 4.00 ± 3.64 | 1.39 | 5 |
| Noriyuki (2009)23 | Asia | Case–control | Serum | ELISA | 5 | ||||||||||
| IFG | 11 | 9 | 20 | 0 | 41.0 ± 12.0 | 49.3 ± 12.3 | <25 | 9.2 ± 4.3 | 7.1 ± 2.2 | 2.25 | |||||
| IGT | 11 | 11 | 22 | 0 | 41.0 ± 12.0 | 45.9 ± 7.1 | <25 | 9.2 ± 4.3 | 6.5 ± 1.5 | 1.46 | |||||
| Kassi (2010)18 | Europe | Case–control | Serum | ELISA | 18 | 20 | 0 | 38 | 55 ± 9 | 61 ± 6 | >30 | 11.9 ± 4.4 | 13 ± 5.8 | 1.58 | 6 |
| Stefan (2010)24 | Europe | Case–control | Plasma | ELISA | 13 | 13 | 26 | 0 | 50.6 ± 10 | 50.0 ± 13 | >30 | 5.2 ± 2.4 | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 1.78 | 6 |
| Anke (2010)29 | Europe | Case–control | Serum | ELISA | 8 | ||||||||||
| IFG | 43 | 35 | 33 | 43 | 61.3 ± 9.3 | 61.9 ± 12.3 | >30 | 8.8 ± 4.7 | 7.2 ± 4.7 | 1.90 | |||||
| IGT | 43 | 45 | 37 | 51 | 61.3 ± 9.3 | 63.3 ± 8.8 | >30 | 8.8 ± 4.7 | 6.2 ± 3.2 | 2.59 | |||||
| Ko (2010)19 | Asia | Cohort | Serum | Others | 224 | 52 | 360 | 0 | 40.3 ± 9.0 | 42.4 ± 9.4 | 25–30 | 5.72 ± 2.94 | 4.60 ± 2.10 | NR | 8 |
| Wolfson (2011)33 | Asia | Case–control | Plasma | ELISA | 55 | 24 | 33 | 46 | 55.7 ± 9.5 | 58.8 ± 9.6 | >30 | 12.60 ± 7.24 | 7.57 ± 4.19 | 2.57 | 6 |
| Webb (2012)31 | Asia | Case–control | Serum | Others | 79 | 40 | 76 | 82 | 52.1 ± 9.8 | 55.1 ± 11.7 | 25–30 | 13.6 ± 3.23 | 12.40 ± 3.85 | 1.56 | 7 |
| Sun (2013)17 | Asia | Cohort | Serum | ELISA | 7 | ||||||||||
| Male | 21,766 | 4,101 | 25,867 | 0 | 41.5 ± 9.1 | 45.2 ± 9.3 | <25 | 6.6 ± 3.7 | 5.7 ± 3.3 | NR | |||||
| Female | 13,090 | 1,048 | 0 | 14,138 | 40.9 ± 10.0 | 47.7 ± 11.2 | <25 | 10.5 ± 5.5 | 8.6 ± 5.0 | NR | |||||
| Yiping (2014)20 | Asia | Case–control | Plasma | RIA | 22 | 61 | NR | NR | 49.8 ± 4.8 | NR | 25–30 | 11.20 ± 4.72 | 8.74 ± 3.49 | 2.84 | 6 |
| Smitha (2014)30 | Asia | Case–control | Serum | ELISA | 81 | 49 | 64 | 66 | 46.53 ± 0.89 | 46.22 ± 1.06 | <25 | 6.90 ± 0.45 | 5.57 ± 0.53 | NR | 7 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation.
BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kg divided by height in m2)
ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
HOMA-IR ratio, mean values of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance prediabetes patients to controls in a single study
NR, not reported
NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale
PD, prediabetes
RIA, radioimmunoassay.