Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients
| n | 149 |
| Age (years) | 65.7 ± 9.3 |
| Sex (male/female) | 77/72 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 4.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129.6 ± 14.6 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72.4 ± 10.4 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.9 ± 0.9 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.8 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.6 ± 0.4 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.6 ± 0.8 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 1.0 |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 298.4 ± 78.9 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 77.9 ± 21.7 |
| Urinary albumin excretion (mg/g creatinine) | 46.9 ± 94.1 |
| No. metabolic risk factors | 2.5 ± 2.0 |
| Metabolic syndrome (–/+) | 82/67 |
| Insulin treatment (–/+) | 116/33 |
| Antihypertensive drugs (–/+) | 79/70 |
| Statins (–/+) | 91/58 |
| Total energy intake (kcal) | 1821.5 ± 400.1 |
| Carbohydrate intake (g) | 248.8 ± 60.9 |
| Protein intake (g) | 67.2 ± 18.5 |
| Animal protein intake (g) | 36.1 ± 14.4 |
| Vegetable protein intake (g) | 31.1 ± 8.4 |
| Fat intake (g) | 53.3 ± 20.2 |
| Animal fat intake (g) | 23.3 ± 10.5 |
| Vegetable fat intake (g) | 29.9 ± 12.9 |
| Sodium intake (g) | 10.5 ± 3.5 |
| Carbohydrate energy/total energy (%) | 56.9 ± 7.7 |
| Protein energy/total energy (%) | 15.3 ± 2.4 |
| Fat energy/total energy (%) | 26.9 ± 6.4 |
| Potential renal acid load score (mEq/day) | 5.7 ± 11.8 |
| Net endogenous acid production score (mEq/day) | −8.7 ± 0.3 |
Data are number of patients or mean ± standard deviation.
HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.